The mosquito Aedes aegypti is capable of transmitting a variety of pathogens to man and to other vertebrates. The midgut of this insect has been well-studied both as the tissue where the first contact occurs between ingested pathogens and the insect host, and as a model system for blood meal digestion in blood-sucking insects. To understand better the nature of the midgut surface encountered by...

Most developmentally programmed cell death in metazoans is mediated by caspases. During Drosophila metamorphosis, obsolete tissues, including the midgut and salivary glands, are removed by programmed cell death [1]. The initiator caspase Dronc and its activator Ark are required for the death of salivary glands, but not for midgut removal [2, 3]. In addition to caspases, complete removal of sali...

BACKGROUND Many microorganisms in midgut of mosquito challenge with their host and also other pathogens present in midgut. The aim of this study was presence of non-pathogens microorganisms like fungal flora which may be crucial on interaction between vectors and pathogens. METHODS Different populations of Anopheles stephensi were reared in insectary and objected to determine fungal flora in ...

Multiple diverticulosis of the jejunum is an uncommon pathology small bowel. The incidence diverticulum intestine varies from 0.3 to 1.2%, out which duodenal diverticula are common that jejunal. This rare jejunal usually asymptomatic in course, made it more difficult establishing this diagnosis. may rarely lead complications such as perforation, haemorrhage, obstruction be due adhesions, volvul...

Intestinal malrotation is defined as an alteration in the rotation and fixation of intestine during fetal stage. It can present with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from acute volvulus to chronic duodenal obstruction. Its presentation therefore also very varied, asymptomatic patients whom diagnosis be made finding, extremely serious symptoms such midgut volvulus. Midgut most severe manifesta...

Mosquitoes reproduce by laying eggs. While in some species both the male and female adults feed on nectar, only the female requires a blood meal in order to produce viable progeny. Upon feeding, the blood meal is stored in the midgut while meals of nectar are diverted to the crop (Clements, 1992). Not surprisingly, the midguts of adult females and males in these species present differences. The...

Ba2+ and Ca2+ prevent and reverse the Btk delta-endotoxin inhibition of the short-circuit current in isolated lepidopteran midgut. These findings support the K+ pump-leak steady-state model for midgut K+ homeostasis and the K+ channel mechanism of Bt toxin action. They provide a new tool with which to study the interactions between Bt toxin and midgut cell membranes.

Magdalena M. Rost-Roszkowska, Jitka Vilimova, and Łukasz Chajec (2010) Fine structure of the midgut epithelium of Atelura formicaria (Hexapoda: Zygentoma: Ateluridae), with special reference to its regeneration and degeneration. Zoological Studies 49(1): 10-18. Atelura formicaria belongs to a basal hexapod group, the Zygentoma. Its midgut epithelium is composed of epithelial cells, which are re...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The susceptibility of the mosquito to the invading pathogen is predominantly dictated by the complex interactions between the mosquito midgut and the surface proteins of the invading pathogen. It is well documented that the midgut microbiota plays an important role in determining the susceptibility of the mosquito to the pathogen. In the present study, we investigated th...

To test the possibility that proteolytic cleavage by midgut juice enzymes could enhance or inhibit the activity of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins, once activated, the effects of different toxins on the membrane potential of the epithelial cells of isolated Manduca sexta midguts in the presence and absence of midgut juice were measured. While midgut juice had little effect on the act...