PURPOSE Health-system pharmacy directors, managers, practitioners, students, and employers were surveyed to assess the situation of current and future leaders in pharmacy and generate recommendations for preventing shortages. METHODS Online surveys were sent to pharmacy directors, pharmacy middle managers, current pharmacy practitioners pharmacy students, and employers recruiting for manageme...

While both business press and scholarly research largely portray entrepreneurship within well-established companies as inherently good, empirical evidence for positive performance implications based on rigorous research is scarce. This paper empirically assesses whether and for whom entrepreneurial activity creates value in a large traditional firm. In contrast to previous research I adopt a le...

Abstract The accounting process is complex and prone to interference from the various parties involved. Using middle managers, we examine one of unknowns this process. They are able influence earnings long before top executives can, but their actions virtually untraceable in consolidated financial statements. We gather survey data 77 managers shed light on motivations, extent management, releva...

Drawing on the conceptual foundations of feedback and behavior modeling we investigate the effects of managers’ coaching intensity on the performance of those they supervise, at multiple levels of an organizational hierarchy. Data from 328 sales associates reporting to 114 middle managers, and 93 middle managers reporting to 32 executive managers are used to test the research hypotheses. Using ...

At the core of sense-making is its fundamental function creating discursive order to equivocal occurrences. Although researchers have emphasized organizational and managerial factors that trigger in settings, fewer things are known on how middle managers’ sensemaking constructed during process change public sector. In this empirical study, we explore organizations, constrain flow reforming gove...