BACKGROUND Photoadaptation to ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy is due to both pigmentary and nonpigmentary influences. OBJECTIVES To measure photoadaptation in vitiliginous skin and to compare it with normal pigmented skin. METHODS Seventeen patients with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes III-VI with vitiligo received six to nine UVB treatments, two to three times weekly. Minimal erythema dose (ME...

rabies is a fatal neurological infection caused by rabies virus. the deadly rabies virus could enter into human body via the wound that has caused by mammal bite. since rabies is a fatal disease without existing effective treatment, the best way is prevention. the widely examined preventive method for rabies is the use of post exposure rabies vaccination. in this specific case report, the autho...

Behavioral response studies provide significant insights into the nature, magnitude, and consequences of changes in animal behavior in response to some external stimulus. Controlled exposure experiments (CEEs) to study behavioral response have faced challenges in quantifying the importance of and interaction among individual variability, exposure conditions, and environmental covariates. To inv...

The research in this paper quantifies the solar erythemal UV exposures to the skin through a common summer garment during outdoor activities. The erythemal exposures under the garment for the wet white garment exceeded a MED (minimum erythemal dose) at some anatomical sites in summer for a two-hour period. An erythemal exposure of 1.7 MED, in excess of the occupational limit for UV exposure, wa...

in this study, macrobenthic bivalves were identified at 12 stations located in four regions (markazi, shahr no, khalasi, and gabrik creeks). the relationships between density of bivalves and non-biological factors were examined, as well. sampling of sediments was done seasonally from autumn 2009 to summer 2010, by 0.04 m2 van veen grab, in three stations including mouth, middle and end of each ...

What are the mechanisms by which behavior is organized sequentially over time? The recently developed mid-session reversal (MSR) task offers new insights into this fundamental question. The typical MSR task is arranged to have a single reversed discrimination occurring in a consistent location within each session and across sessions. In this task, we examine the relevance of time, reinforcement...

Objective: A retrospective examination was made of tibia shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nail (IMN), which are designed distal retractable claws, unlike classic imtramedullar nails. It aimed to evaluate the effect on healing diameter and distance between fracture line proximal fixation points IMN. Material Method: The study included 28 patients (18 males, 10 females; mean age 43.75 ...