The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which permeates the entire Universe, is the radiation left over from just 380,000 years after the Big Bang. On very large scales, the CMB radiation field is smooth and isotropic, but the existence of structure in the Universe – stars, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, . . . – suggests that the field should fluctuate on smaller scales. Recent observations, fr...

Surface albedo estimates based on optical and microwave satellite data were compared to corresponding ground based values in a Subarctic boreal forest test site. The ground based albedo values were derived from radiation measurements carried out at the forest floor using an albedo model and measured global and diffuse radiation data. The use of both optical and microwave satellite data turned o...

physical agents such as ultraviolet or ionizing radiation and repetitive trauma have been related to the causation of cancer in humans. much less clear is the association between exposure to radiofrequency, such as radar and microwave radiation to the development of cancer. sporadic case reports and small series suggest that this type of radiation might lead to cancer or contribute to its evolu...

This paper reports the experimental demonstration of frequency upshifting of microwave radiation by a relativistic ionization front. Source radiation at 34.8 GHz has been upshifted to greater than 116 GHz in a continuously tunable fashion. It is a new technique for generating high-power, tunable radiation in short pulses, and has potential applications in plasma diagnostics, time-resolved micro...

Scale up of microwave sintering for high temperature stable non-oxide ceramics, such as SiC, Si3N4, and dispersion ceramics, like SiC-MoSi2 is still difficult, mainly because of lack of an affordable equipment. For air atmosphere sintering different furnaces were developed, like e.g., gas-microwave hybrid heated tunnel kilns [1] or microwave sintering using an adiabatic casket in tunnel kilns [...

OVER the past five years awareness has been increasing among neurobiologists of ways in which information is processed in brain tissue. 1 Three lines of recent evidence are sharply at variance with most of what we learned in medical school about information transaction in central nervous tissue. The first line of evidence indicates that cell-to-cell communication between brain cells probably in...

A novel MEMS thermopile structure is presented, which consist of linearly arranged pand ntype polysilicon strips instead of the conventional loop-like configuration. It is shown that these devices sense the millimeter wave radiation beyond the infrared. The polarity and frequency dependence of the sensitivity prove that these strips behave as absorbing antennas towards the microwave/millimeter ...

The use of microwave is increasing day by day all over the world. Microwaves are used in mobile phones, microwave ovens, etc. Mobile or cellular phones are now an integral part of modern telecommunications. In many countries, over half the population use mobile or cellular phones and the market is growing rapidly. Researches are going on in various countries on the possible health effects of mi...