Defense-mechanism theory and control-process theory are related psychodynamic approaches to explaining and classifying how people ward off emotional upsets. Although both theories explain defensive maneuvers in the same motivational terms, each defines categories different1y. Classic categories define defense mechanisms at a relatively macroscopic level, whereas control-process theory aims at r...

Although simple mechanisms are commonplace, reasoning about how they work— mechanistic reasoning—is often challenging. To foster mechanistic reasoning, we engaged students in the thirdand sixth-grades in the design of kinetic toys that consisted of systems of linked levers. To make the workings of these systems more visible, students participated in forms of activity that we conjectured would a...

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is one of the main functions of Power Generation Operation and Control. It determines the optimal settings of generating units, bus voltage, transformer tap and shunt elements in Power System with the objective of minimizing total production costs or losses while the system is operating within its security limits. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology (ABCA-...

Góral-Półrola, presents a new, interdisciplinary approach to speech fluency disorders using cognitive linguistics, humanistic psychology and process neuropsychology, enabling us to discuss stuttering from more than one perspective. This in-depth study on the borderline subject of neurologopedia, pragmalinguistics (the study of the use of illocution in a language) and neuropsychology (microgenet...

There has been a consensus on integrating Computing into the teaching and learning of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering Math) subjects in K-12 (Kindergarten to 12th grade US education system). However, rigorous study impact an integrated curriculum students' computing and/or subject(s) is still rare. In this paper, we report our research how well helps middle school students learn through ...

We propose a new stratified waveguide grating coupler (SWGC) to couple light from a fiber at normal incidence into a planar waveguide. SWGCs are designed to operate in the strong coupling regime without intermediate optics between the fiber and the waveguide. Two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation in conjunction with microgenetic algorithm optimization shows that approximately...