Traditional cheeses harbour complex microbial consortia that play an important role in shaping typical sensorial properties. However, the microbial metabolism is considered difficult to control. Microbial community succession and the related gene expression were analysed during ripening of a traditional Italian cheese, identifying parameters that could be modified to accelerate ripening. Afterw...

Studies of the cellular immunology and protein structure of human and mouse CD1 proteins reveal these to be a family of antigen-presenting molecules that allow T cells to recognize lipid and glycolipid antigens of microbial pathogens.

Understanding microbial communities in terms of taxon and function is essential to decipher the biogeochemical cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Lakes and their input streams are highly linked. However, the differences between microbial assemblages in streams and lakes are still unclear. In this study, we conducted an intensive field sampling of microbial communities from lake water and stream bio...

Abstract Fermentative production of microbial lipid requires high fresh water input. The utilization saline seawater or industrial wastewater is an important alternative to reduce the freshwater consumption. This study revealed that oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was tolerant a salinity up 130 g/L NaCl after long-term adaptive evolution. Lipid fermentation T. in achieved 31.7 with appro...

Lipid biomarkers and C fractionation patterns were used to understand the dynamics of carbon cycling during microbial metabolisms in different environments of travertine precipitation (called facies) at Spring AT-1 on Angel Terrace in the Mammoth Hot Springs complex of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Microbial mats that encrust travertine deposits were collected for analyses of lipid biomarkers...

Global environmental change is predicted to have major consequences for carbon cycling and the functioning of soil ecosystems. However, we have limited knowledge about its impacts on the microorganisms, which act as a "valve" between carbon sequestered in soils versus released into the atmosphere. In this study we examined microbial response to continuous 9-years manipulation of three global ch...

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are CD1d-restricted, lipid antigen-reactive T cells with powerful immunoregulatory potential. The prototypic antigen for NKT cells is a marine sponge-derived glycolipid, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), but this is not normally encountered in the mammalian environment. Thus, there is great interest in the identification of more physiological stimuli for NKT cells, a...

Lipid biomarkers and their stable carbon isotopic composition, as well as 16S rRNA gene sequences, were investigated in sediment cores from active seepage zones in the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) located on the active North Anatolian Fault, to assess processes associated with methane turnover by indigenous microbial communities. Diagnostic (13) C-depleted archaeal lipids of anaerobic methane oxidiz...

BACKGROUND Metabolic abnormalities are common in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the biochemical details and underlying mechanisms of these disorders have not been defined. METHODS Untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma was performed for 32 HIV patients with low nadir CD4 counts (<300 cells/ul) on protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART and 20 healthy controls usin...