We assessed availability of antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) at nearly 4000 acute care hospitals enrolled in the National Healthcare Safety Network. In 2015, 95% offered any AFST, 28% offered AFST at their own laboratory or at an affiliated medical center, and 33% offered reflexive AFST. Availability of AFST improved from 2011 to 2015, but substantial gaps exist in the availability of A...

introduction: the presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of vermicomposting process in improve the microbial quality of the compost produced. methods: this experimental study was conducted as a pilot-scale one, in the laboratory of school of health. in orde...

Disinfection is defined as the destruction of microorganisms, not necessarily destroy all microbes but may reducing them to an acceptable level. Thus, it could stop chain bugs transmission avoid infections. Antimicrobials are divided into antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. Disinfectants or hand sanitizers used prevent microbial contamination on inanimate objects that present in environment; ...

background and objectives: in the last few decades, losses of our cultural heritage due to biodeteriorationare beinghighly recognized. from museum objects to rock monuments, the microbial biodeterioration agents are found to be the most destructive. possibilities for proper preservative measure(s) are always more when it is only a monument, statue, museum article, or pre-historic art in any sma...