The present work deals with the optimization of process parameters in situ transesterification dry spirogyra Algae–Jatropha powder along engine efficiency and combustion analysis prepared biofuel. Three operational parameters, namely catalyst concentration (0–5 wt.%), methanol to algae–Jatropha curcas (v/v) (20–60%), reaction time (60–180 min) at a constant temperature 50 °C, were selected. Res...

In the esterification-transesterification method, a catalyst increases reaction rate to produce biofuel (biodiesel). This study investigated use of solid consisting green nano-CaO as support modified by KOH solution and sulfated TiO2 for converting waste frying oil (WFO) into biodiesel in single-step reaction. With prepared from eggshell, nanocomposite CaO/K-sulfated was synthesized physical mi...

The renewable phenolic compounds produced by directional liquefaction of biomass are a mixture of complete fragments decomposed from native lignin. These compounds are unstable and difficult to use directly as biofuel. Here, we report an efficient in situ catalytic hydrogenation method that can convert phenolic compounds into saturated cyclohexanes. The process has high potential for production...

Some microalgae are particularly attractive as a renewable feedstock for biodiesel production due to their rapid growth, high content of triacylglycerols, and ability to be grown on non-arable land. Unfortunately, obtaining oil from algae is currently cost prohibitive in part due to the need to pump and process large volumes of dilute algal suspensions. In an effort to circumvent this problem, ...

The foremost questions debated in biofuel research reports and the press include 1) what impact will expansion of biofuel have on shortand intermediate-term food prices and security? 2) How will agriculture expand shortand intermediate-term output in response to increased shortand intermediate-term demand for food and feedstock, and 3) What will expanded biofuel production cost? Yet, there has ...

Under the energy crisis and with greenhouse gases causing an ecological imbalance, biofuel has attracted worldwide attention due to its sustainability low net-carbon emission. For years, traditional biodiesel industry been demanding a high-performance solid base catalyst. Its poor reusability is bottleneck for promising calcium-based solid-base In this work, we successfully adopted new silicate...

The rapidly growing biofuel industry poses considerable challenges to its supply chain network design and operations. In this chapter, we introduce key characteristics of the biofuel supply chain that comprises of feedstock production, biomass logistics, biofuel production and distribution. We then discuss the recent literature on biofuel supply chain models. Using an illustrative biofuel suppl...

The aim of the thesis is to describe how the minimum biofuel requirement affects the monopolistic oil markets. This is an increasingly important questions, because the governments are smoothing the biofuel’s way into the fuel markets for both the economical and environmental reasons. The focus in this thesis is mainly on the minimum biofuel requirement, but at times that policy is compared also...

This review considers the literature published since 1994 on microbial and enzymatic biofuel cells. Types of biofuel cell are classified according to the nature of the electrode reaction and the nature of the biochemical reactions. The performance of fuel cells is critically reviewed and a variety of possible applications is considered. The current direction of development of biofuel cells is c...

Project Goals (Abstracts 97-99): Microbial biofuel (i.e. hydrogen and butanol) production holds great promise as a source of renewable clean energy. A critical step towards more efficient biofuel production is improved understanding of the regulation of biofuel-related metabolism and the development of models that are sufficiently accurate to enable rational control of the network behavior. Wit...