Different source of light can be used as a main in an open path optical method. Sunlight, tungsten lamp, LED, laser, mercury vapor lamp and halogen are the example source.It is important to test stability avoid inaccuracy measurement. The purpose this project determine which color laser has higher stability. Once switched on, intensity changes slowly until it comes stable state. Each different ...

The development of new types of light sources is necessary in order to meet the growing demands of consumers and to ensure an efficient use of energy. The cathodoluminescence process is still under-exploited for light generation because of the lack of cathodes suitable for the energy-efficient production of electron beams and appropriate phosphor materials. In this paper we propose a nano-graph...

Flash lamp annealing (FLA) with millisecond-order pulse duration can crystallize microm-order-thick a-Si films on glass substrates through explosive crystallization (EC), and flash-lamp-crystallized (FLC) poly-Si films consist of densely-packed nanometer-sized fine grains. We investigate the impact of the hydrogen concentration and the defect density of precursor a-Si films on crystallization m...

Experimental measurements of wafer temperature in a single-wafer, lamp-heated chemical vapor deposition system were used to study the wafer temperature response to gas composition. A physically based simulation procedure for the process gas and wafer temperature was developed in which a subset of parameter values were estimated using a nonlinear, iterative parameter identification method, produ...

The High-Intensity-Discharge Lamps (HID), consisting of a broad range of gas discharge lamps, are notable for their high luminous efficacy, good color rendering, and long l ife. Metal halide lamps have the best combination of the above properties and are considered the most ideal light sources. Recently, there has been an emerging demand to replace the conventional halogen headlamps with the ne...

Abstract: Metal organic framework (MOF) of MIL-101(Cr)-Silica (SiO₂) composites with highly mesoporous and uniform dispersions were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method followed by the sol-gel technique. Water vapor adsorption experiments were conducted on the MIL-101(Cr)-SiO₂ composites for industrial adsorption chiller applications. The effects of MIL-101(Cr)-SiO₂ mixing ra...