this article has long been taken of the description and clarification of dramatic signs as well as the structure of the small book entitled draxt ? ?s?r?g “the babylonian tree” (here after bt); a text having comparatively long history in iranian studies which have been interpreted in different ways, by previous scholars. bt is a versified contest between a goat and a palm tree, originally compo...

Uncontrolled releases of Tigris and Euphrates River waters after the 2003 war have partially restored some former marsh areas in southern Iraq, but restoration is failing in others because of high soil and water salinities. Nearly 20% of the original 15,000-square-kilometer marsh area was reflooded by March 2004, but the extent of marsh restoration is unknown. High-quality water, nonsaline soil...

—The oldest original international system from a political science and world historical perspective is the West Asian international system. Reported here are findings of a study to identify, measure, and describe the composition of the earliest international system in terms of politically autonomous units, similar to earlier studies of the modern international system of nation-states and its po...

This paper edits an accadian medical record out of the Late Babylonian period preserved on a clay tablet which is housed in British Museum. The table provides short insight into Mesopotamian documents (the time Persian and Seleucid rule Babylonia). study while publishing analysing specific demonstrates parallel general characteristics tablets this era.

Early civilizations have inhabited areas with stable water resources that supported living needs and activities. The Mesopotamian marshes experienced dramatic changes during the past five decades. aim of this study is to observe, analyse report extent in these from 1972 2020. Data various sources were acquired through Google Earth Engine (GEE) including climate variables, land cover, surface re...