this paper examines the influence of persian words on italian culture and literature. these words entered italian literature before the 14 th century . first , it should be mentioned that the standard italian language has a literary origin that starts in the twelfth century, and the modern standard language was largely shaped by relatively recent events. this european language did not remain un...

this study compares the amount and type of direct and indirect strategies and peripheral modifications employed by persian speakers and persian language learners in the request speech act, in different contexts (concerning formality, familiarity and importance of the subject of request). a discourse completion test, as well as direct observation, was used as the main instrument for data collect...

language textbooks are conventionally expected to develop the four language macro-skills, including listening, reading, writing and speaking in language learners. however, mastering the reading skill is of particular importance, since it enhances the comprehension of specialized texts in students. the objective of this research is to investigate the scientific aspect of persian textbooks in tea...

This article is dedicated to examining the difficult cases of transmission indefinite meaning with pronouns and adverbs affixes -nibud, -libo, -to, koe- among Iranian audiences. The are a group words specific usage that express category indefiniteness. topic important because students learning Russian use these most problem. It not due grammatical features mentioned, but their dependence on sem...

this study had two main steps. the first one was introducing and examining the long’s model of needs analysis (na) for distinguishing the general language needs. by doing the first step, we tried to recognize the shortages of long’s model, in the second step to realize the general language needs of persian language learners and find out what language functions are needed to be learned for gener...

BACKGROUND The menopause-specific quality-of-life (MENQOL) was developed as a specific tool to measure the health-related quality-of-life in menopausal women. Recently, it has been translated into about 15 languages. AIM This study was performed to develop the Persian version of the MENQOL questionnaire from the original English language version. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectio...

As interaction between speakers of different languages continues to increase, the everpresent problem of language barriers must be overcome. For the same reason, automatic language translation (Machine Translation) has become an attractive area of research and development. Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) has been used for translation between many language pairs, the results of which have ...