People would employ intuitive spatial relations such as ‘at’, ‘around’, ‘along’, etc. rather than the rigid global coordinates provided by GPS when they refer to physical locations in their casual communication. These word concepts, however, are considered to reflect human cognitive propensities toward the external world. Therefore they can be subjective to each human individual but as well can...

a comparison of spatial ability bteween womenin the third trimester of pregnancy with women after delivery     vatanparast sh * [1] , alipour a [2] , zareh h [3] ,yadegari oa [4]    received: 19 apr, 2011 accepted: 6 jul, 2011   abstract  background & aims: this research was aimed to review the ability to compare spatial ability (mental rotation, visualization, water level task) between pregnan...

Electronic Orientation Aids (EOA) usually guide visually impaired pedestrians using turn-by-turn instructions. However, several studies have demonstrated that mental representations of space seem difficult to build when turn-by-turn instructions only are provided. This is a crucial point as getting an accurate spatial representation of the surroundings can make the difference between successful...

The ability to reason about relations is relevant for many spatial cognitive processes. This can involve: (i) to represent spatial information mentally, (ii) to manipulate the spatial representation, and (iii) to infer new spatial information. Several cognitive theories make assumptions and predictions about the underlying processes. A detailed and systematic overview and analysis of ireliable ...

In this paper, the system of language and architecture has been studied in three levels of elemental, structural and semantic in cases of traditional and modern mosques in Iran through the method of analyzing the content of texts and in a conceptual model. Then, in a comparative method, the common patterns of these systems have been explained at all three levels. The common features at the elem...

Deductive reasoning is an essential part of complex cognition. It occurs whenever human beings (or machines) draw conclusions that go beyond what is explicitly provided. Reasoning about spatial relations is an excellent testbed for the assessment of competing reasoning theories. In the present paper we show that such competing theories are often less diverse than one might think. We introduce a...

A system-level model of spatial working memory is described, using the author’s computer science and logical modeling approach. The mental image which is remembered is located in a lateral parietal area, and is part of a larger distributed representation including object identities and object appearances. The system is driven by plans which are stored in a separate module corresponding to ventr...

In a laboratory experiment, 13 participants reproduced from memory the position of a sphere relative to a second landmark sphere located on the viewing axis of the observer. The relative location of the second sphere varied both laterally and in depth. The stimuli were generated on a stereoscopic display. The paper focuses on the analysis of the structure of the noise in the reproduced object l...

Some individuals automatically and involuntarily “see” mental images of numbers in spatial arrays when they think of numbers (number forms). Makioka (2009) proposed a theoretical framework called self-organizing learning account of number forms (SOLA), which argues that number forms are generated by self-organizing learning between numerical and spatial representation. This framework explains t...

We propose that neglect includes a disorder of representational updating. Representational updating refers to our ability to build mental models and adapt those models to changing experience. This updating ability depends on the processes of priming, working memory, and statistical learning. These processes in turn interact with our capabilities for sustained attention and precise temporal proc...