This study quantifies sex differences in the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and waking while controlling for menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use. We compared the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness of 8 women studied during two phases of the menstrual cycle and 3 women studied during their midfollicular phase with that of 15 men. Participants underw...

BACKGROUND Menstruation has a variable pattern within a few years of menarche which may not be well understood by many adolescent girls. Providing accurate information on menstruation is necessary to reduce anxiety, menstrual morbidity and improve reproductive health of these adolescents. OBJECTIVE To determine the age at menarche, duration of menstruation, length of menstrual cycle, regulari...

OBJECTIVE To describe how menstrual cramps vary from cycle to cycle within a woman over time. To examine the influence of weight and lifestyle factors on occurrence, duration, and severity of menstrual pain. DESIGN A one-year prospective menstrual diary study. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and sixty-five women aged 17 to 19 years entering a local university in 1985. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The o...

background: considering the physical, emotional and psychological complications of early or delayed menopause on women`s life, it is necessary to determine associated factors of menopause age. this study designed to determine menopausal age and associated factors in women of gorgan, i.e. the capital of golestan province in the north-east of iran.   methods: in this cross-sectional study, 804 me...

This study examines the comparability between the last menstrual period-based and clinically estimated gestational age as collected on certificates of live birth. It explores whether sociodemographic or delivery characteristics influence their agreement and contrasts health status and health care utilization indicators, such as preterm, small for gestational age, and adequacy of prenatal care p...

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have indicated that menstrual cycle characteristics such as age at menarche and age at menopause are associated with breast cancer risk. Anovulation, which is more common with long or irregular cycles, has been hypothesized to reduce the incidence of breast cancer. METHODS We analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study II, a cohort of 116,671 female registered...

Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon for females indicating her capability for procreation and abnormalities of menstruation are a major gynaecological problem in adolescence. However, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common. The objectives of the study were to find out the age of menarche among the Adolescent girls of the urban slum, to st...