This study examined the effect of intravenous infusion of subpressor doses of angiotensin (Ang II) on renal medullary blood flow (MBF), medullary partial oxygen pressure (PO2), and nitric oxide (NO) concentration under normal conditions and during reduction of the medullary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in anesthetized rats. With laser Doppler flowmetry and polarographic measurement of P...

SYNOPSIS The salient features of 15 cases of carcinoma of the thyroid and phaeochromocytoma taken from the literature and two personal cases are reviewed. The significant points noted are the frequency with which the adrenal tumours were bilateral, the frequency with which a family history ofphaeochromocytoma (six cases) and thyroid carcinoma (four cases) was present, and the frequency with whi...

BACKGROUND Medullary elevation (ie, medullary kinking) at the craniocervical junction (CCJ) is reported in dogs with Chiari-like malformations (CM), but its diagnostic criteria and clinical relevance are unclear. OBJECTIVE To describe the position of the medulla at the CCJ in mature cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS), and evaluate its relationship with clinical status and the presence of s...

We report a complication of radiopaque wire breakage from the medullary tube during closed antegrade intramedullary nailing for a femoral shaft fracture. To avoid such complication, the medullary tube should be checked carefully for colour changes and surface defects, and tested for flexibility before each use. The medullary tube should also be replaced before 100 exposures to autoclaving.

UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma has been demonstrated to present in association with medullary thyroid carcinoma, however, medullary thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma represent rare entities. In recent years this rarity has been increasingly observed. The pathogenesis is still controversial. Genetic analysis of RET proto-oncogenes in cases of simultan...

Immunohistochemical studies were conducted in 20 cases of canine thyroid tumours. On histological grounds the tumours included four well-differentiated follicular and four well-differentiated medullary carcinomas. Four tumours were suspected to be of possible follicular origin but were poorly-differentiated or anaplastic (undifferentiated); similarly six tumours that were poorly-differentiated ...

Twenty-one patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied prospectively with Tc-99m (V) DMSA after surgery. Pentavalent DMSA scintigram demonstrated abnormal uptake in 13 and equivocal uptake in 6 patients. Finally, seven patients with surgical or other imaging documentation were selected for this paper. Most of these patients were asymptomatic. Six patients had hypercalcitonemia ...

BACKGROUND In 2015, thyroid carcinoma affected approximately 63,000 people in the USA, yet it remains one of the most treatable cancers. It is mainly classified into medullary and non-medullary types. Conventionally, medullary carcinoma was associated with heritability but increasing reports have now begun to associate non-medullary thyroid carcinoma with a genetic predisposition as well. It is...

Medullary thyroid cancer accounts for 5-10% of thyroid carcinomas. RET proto-oncogene mutations occur in all of the hereditary MTCs and about 66% of the sporadic MTCs. So, the detection of the RET mutations is necessary for rapid and proper diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review seeks to find a comprehensive list of RET gene mutations in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer. The ...