Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a constant magnetic field and radio waves, a non-invasive method for examining tissues, organs and the skeletal system. Advantages and disadvantages of MRI are not fully understood; however, it has been commonly used in the diagnosis of skeleton and bone diseases (such as disk and spinal disorders, joint disorders (arthritis), bone tumours and tissues...

OBJECTIVES To assess whether physicians know of Washington State's prehospital do-not-resuscitate (DNR) policy, 6 years after its implementation. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Washington State, April 2001. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred seventy-one practicing physicians. MEASUREMENTS Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine relationships between physician and practice ...

introduction: completing medical records plays an important role in educational research and health planning and decision making. materials and methods: through systematic sampling of the medical documents of the patients who were discharged from inpatient wards of two general hospitals in the first half of 1377. 370 medical documents were selected and examined. the data were collected by seven...

OBJECTIVES Determine the use and utility of the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) program in a community where powers of attorney for health care (POAHCs) are prevalent. METHODS A retrospective review of medical record and death certificate data of 400 adults who died between September 1, 2007, and March 31, 2008, in the La Crosse County, Wisconsin community. Demographic ...

OBJECTIVES We quantified the 28-day mortality effect of preexisting do-not-resuscitate orders in ICUs. DESIGN Longitudinal, retrospective study of patients admitted to five ICUs at a tertiary university medical center (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, BIDMC, Boston, MA) between 2001 and 2008. INTERVENTION None. PATIENTS Two cohorts were defined: patients with do not resuscitate advan...

Nurses information needs relate to nursing orders and nursing orders have many contexts including body systems, safety practices and other clinical categories. When searching for information related to orders one search term might retrieve documents related to multiple orders. We clustered nursing orders into sets that are related by the same logical clinical context. We then generated clusters...

In this paper, the orders induced by the residual implications obtained from uninorms are investigated. A necessary and sufficient condition is presented so that the ordinal sum of fuzzy implications satisfies the law of importation with a t-norm $T$. Some relationships between the orders induced by an ordinal sum implication and its summands are determined. The algebraic structures obtained fr...