We report a case of pseudo-Duane's retraction syndrome with entrapment of the medial rectus muscle in an old medial orbital wall fracture presenting identical clinical symptoms as Duane's retraction syndrome. A 15-year-old boy presented with persistent limited right eye movement since a young age. Examination showed marked limited abduction, mildly limited adduction, and globe retraction accomp...

Introduction Rectus femoris transfer surgery is performed to improve knee flexion in persons with cerebral palsy who walk with a stiff-knee gait (Gage et al., 1987; Perry, 1987). In this surgery, the rectus femoris muscle is separated from the quadriceps tendon, tunneled through the subcutaneous tissue on the medial aspect of the thigh and sutured to one of the knee flexors – such as sartorius ...

Sixteen patients with moderate angle esotropia of 30 to 35 prism dioptres were treated with a unilateral medial rectus muscle recession of 6 or 6.5 mm. Thirteen of sixteen patients (80%) were straight postoperatively or had 12 prism dioptres or less of esotropia. Three of the 16 had greater than 12 prism dioptres of esotropia, and none were exotropic. This procedure should be considered as an a...

Botulinum toxin (BOTOX®) has been reported to have success as an alternative to traditional surgery for patients with infantile and early onset acquired strabismus. Selected cases with smaller angles may do well with botulinum toxin as a primary treatment; however, the large angle associated with most cases of infantile esotropia in my experience prevents its use. We report the use of botulinum...

PURPOSE To introduce myectomy of the lateral rectus muscle for correcting exotropia in patients with third nerve palsy. METHODS The lateral rectus muscle of the paretic eye was myectomized without suturing it to the globe. This was combined with a medial rectus muscle resection and a contralateral lateral rectus muscle recession. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to observe the re-atta...

BACKGROUND Patients with 'A' or 'V' pattern esotropia without vertical muscle overaction have traditionally been treated with medial rectus recession and vertical transposition of the muscle insertions. METHOD Seven cases are presented treated by slanting muscle insertions, whereby the lower margin of the medial rectus is preferentially recessed more than the upper margin in esotropia, and th...

Contradictory results have been reported about the inhibitory input to the medial rectus subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus of the cat. In the present ultrastructural study, we quantified the GABAergic and glycinergic terminals in the various subdivisions of the rabbit oculomotor nucleus with the use of post-embedding immunocytochemistry combined with retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxi...