the biggest challenges faced in big cities are greenhouse gas emission and growing energy needs. efficient utilization of existing infrastructures has a prominent role in response to the challenges. energy hub approach embraces performance of different energy networks. energy hub is defined as a super node in electrical system receiving distinctive energy carriers such as gas and electricity in...

It is unclear whether small animals, with their high stride frequency and crouched posture, or large animals, with more tendinous limbs, are more reliant on storage and return of elastic energy during locomotion. The ostrich has a limb structure that appears to be adapted for high-speed running with long tendons and short muscle fibres. Here we investigate biomechanics of ostrich gait through g...

Abstract The share of electricity generated by intermittent renewable energy sources is increasing (now at 26% global generation) and the requirements affordable, reliable secure supply designate grid-scale storage as an imperative component most transition pathways. widely deployed bulk solution pumped-hydro (PHES), however, this technology geographically constrained. Alternatively, flow batte...

−Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) utilize electric power and a mechanical engine for propulsion; therefore, the performance of HEVs is directly influenced by the characteristics of the energy storage system (ESS). The ESS for an\ HEV generally requires high power performance, long cycle life, reliability and cost effectiveness; thus, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that combines different t...