In today′s global market, competition between firms is high, and customers are constantly demanding technically more advanced products. To fulfill the requirements of customers and rapid growth of global market, organizations have to execute further research in the field of product development in order to achieve the desired goal. Collaborative product development (CPD) has emerged as a new way...

Packet-based optical access ring is becoming a promising solution in metropolitan networks. Its performance depends mainly on how optical resource sharing takes place among the different competing access nodes. In such a network fairness issues are likely to arise between upstream and downstream nodes competing to access a common data channel. This paper provides a new protocol called TCARD (Tr...

In this paper we investigate portfolios consisting of instruments whose logarithms are mean-reverting. Under the assumption that portfolios are constant, we derive analytic expressions for the expected wealth and the quantile-based risk measure capital at risk. Assuming that short-selling and borrowing is allowed, we then solve the problems of global minimum capital at risk, and problem of find...

the aim of this study is to investigate iranian tefl graduates’ conception of measurement error in research. adopting a sequential explanatory multi-method strategy (borg, 2009), the researchers analyzed causal and temporal relations in the research narratives elicited from 30 tefl graduates. gee’s (1986) framework for identifying narrative discourse units (lines, stanzas, and episodes) was ado...

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of place identity on the sustainable developmentof urban spaces. Thus, the components of place identity, emotional attachment, place attachment and social bonding havebeen measured in three dimensions of (cognitive) the place identity, (affective) emotional attachment and (behavioral)place attachment and social bond. To measure sustainable dev...

Dirac measure is an important measure in many related branches to mathematics. The current paper characterizes measure-preserving transformations between two Dirac measure spaces or a Dirac measure space and a probability measure space. Also, it studies isomorphic Dirac measure spaces, equivalence Dirac measure algebras, and conjugate of Dirac measure spaces. The equivalence classes of a Dirac ...

This. aport describes the case studies approach applied at a number of Siemens software development organizations to observe the impact of software process improvement methods. In addition, the report provides guidance to software development organizations that want to improve their processes. A set of organization performance measures are defined to help an organization observe its software pr...