Ghrelin is reportedly a meal-initiation signal based on observations that concentrations increase before meals coincident with rising hunger. However, evidence that ghrelin peaks vary with feeding schedules suggests that it rises in anticipation of an expected meal, rather than eliciting feeding. To explore the entrainment of ghrelin profiles, this study investigated the association between var...

We examined meal patterns after isocaloric duodenal infusions of fat, carbohydrate (CHO), and protein by measuring meal size, intermeal interval (IMI) and total food intake (TFI). Wistar rats were adapted to normal feeding 6 h/day, with continuous computer monitoring of feeding patterns. One of five solutions (10 ml of 1 kcal/ml at 0.45 ml/min; 0, 20, 50, 80, or 100% of energy from fat) or sali...

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diagnoses seen in hospitalized patients in the United States, accounting for ~ 38% of all patients admitted to hospitals.1 Research on the benefits of glucose control in the hospital setting has focused primarily on critically ill cardiovascular patients.1–5 Hyperglycemia has been linked to immunosuppression, increased coagulapathies, increased infection ra...

Recent work shows that increased meal frequency reduces ghrelin responses in sheep. Human research suggests there is an interaction between insulin and ghrelin. The effect of meal frequency on this interaction is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of feeding frequency on insulin and ghrelin responses in human subjects. Five healthy male volunteers were recruited from the general pop...

To investigate the acute effects of lactate on spontaneous feeding, we infused lactate in the hepatic portal vein (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mmol lactate/meal) or in the vena cava (1.0 and 1.5 mmol lactate/meal) of ad libitum-fed rats during their first spontaneous nocturnal meal. Infusions (5 min, 0.1 ml/min) were remotely controlled, and a computerized feeding system recorded meal patterns. In separa...

the aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement effect of soybean meal (sbm) at different levels (0 as d1, 33 as d2, 67 as d3 and 100% as d4 based on crude protein (cp) content) by guar meal (gm) on ruminal gas production kinetics, ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of a fattening diet for lambs. three experiments were conducted. the first experiment of 144-h in...

Adults and children are repeatedly exposed to the pairing of food and drink as found in meal deals and "combos". There may arise from this indoctrination, a contingent relationship between drink context and food preference. Our multi-method research examines food and drink combining. A survey-based study examines the food and drink pairing preferences of adults (N=60), while a laboratory study ...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify dietary patterns (DPs) of Portuguese adults, to assess their socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle determinants, and to identify their impact on health. DESIGN EpiDoC 2 study included 10,153 Portuguese adults from the EpiDoC Cohort, a population-based study. In this study, trained research assistants using computer-assisted telephone interview collected socioeco...

INTRODUCTION Interventions to improve child diet are recommended as dietary patterns developed in childhood track into adulthood and influence the risk of chronic disease. For child health, childcare services are required to provide foods to children consistent with nutrition guidelines. Research suggests that foods and beverages provided by services to children are often inconsistent with nutr...