Biological phenomenon. Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) in its narrow sense refers to the change in the synaptic strength as a result of electrically eliciting pairs of action potentials (‘spikes’) with a fixed time difference between the preand post-synaptic action potentials (Markram et al., 1997; Bi and Poo, 1998; Sjostrom et al., 2001). STDP is typically observed for synapses betwee...

In this paper the coding capabilities of individual retinal ganglion cells are compared with respect to the coding capabilities of small population of cells using different neural networks. This approach allows not only the identification of the most discriminating cells, but also detection of the parameters that are more important for the discrimination task. Our results show that the spike ra...

Our future society will be different from that we have known in the last fifty years. Futurists foresee that in the near couple decades the world’s community will traverse through a period of rapid technological innovations that will change the foundations of society as we used to know it (Tapscott, 1997; Wallace, 1999; Borgmann; 1999). Changes will engulf all aspects of life (Gleick, 1999). Th...

Bloom’s Taxonomy has been utilized in many fields of studies. It has also been used in computer science education but research on the application of Bloom’s Taxonomy into software engineering curricula has not been done much. This paper outlines software engineering assessment using Bloom’s Taxonomy. Sample questions are given and categorized according to the relevant Bloom’s Taxonomy levels. T...

In order to confirm the effectiveness of language learning strategies in theIranian context in junior high schools, this study was designed to examine thepatterns of strategy use, the effects of strategy instruction on the students’ strategyuse, and the relationship between the participants’ strategy use and their Englishachievement. To achieve this objective, 57 junior high school participants...

By applying a standard solution-generating transformation to an arbitrary vacuum Bianchi type II solution, one generates a new solution with spikes commonly observed in numerical simulations. It is conjectured that the spike solutions are part of the generalized Mixmaster attractor.

By applying a standard solution-generating transformation to an arbitrary vacuum Bianchi type II solution, one generates a new solution with spikes commonly observed in numerical simulations. It is conjectured that the spike solution is part of the generalized Mixmaster/billiard attractor.

The time-histogram method is a handy tool for capturing the instantaneous rate of spike occurrence. In most of the neurophysiological literature, the bin size that critically determines the goodness of the fit of the time-histogram to the underlying rate has been selected by individual researchers in an unsystematic manner. We propose an objective method for selecting the bin size of a time-his...

We have analyzed the relationship between correlated spike count and the peak in the cross-correlation of spike trains for pairs of simultaneously recorded neurons from a previous study of area MT in the macaque monkey (Zohary et al., 1994). We conclude that common input, responsible for creating peaks on the order of ten milliseconds wide in the spike train cross-correlograms (CCGs), is also r...