Infertility as a vital process in human reproduction involves many couples worldwide. Although many genetic causes of infertility are known, the genetic basis of infertility in men is largely unknown. Therefore, the identification of genetic biomarkers in this field is important and genetic polymorphisms in key genes of the spermatogenesis pathway can be valuable biomarkers in this field. Gene'...

background dedifferentiation of chondrocytes remains a major problem for cartilage tissue engineering. chondrocytes loss differentiated phenotype in in vitro culture that is undesired for repair strategies. the chondrocyte is surrounded by a pericellular matrix (pcm), together forming the chondron. pcm has a positive effect on the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype during culture in compariso...

Matrix functions are used in many areas of linear algebra and arise in numerical applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we introduce an effective approach for determining matrix function f(A)=g(q(A)) of a square matrix A, where q is a polynomial function from a degree of m and also function g can be a transcendental function. Computing a matrix function f(A) will be time- consu...

objective(s):n-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (ndrg2) is a candidate gene for tumor suppression. the expression of ndrg2 is down-regulated in several tumors including lung cancer. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of ndrg2 overexpression on invasion, migration, and enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2) and -9 (mmp-9) in human lung adenocarcinoma a549 cells.  ma...

anti-adhesion therapy represents a potentially promising avenue for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis in a post-antibiotic era. adhesins are surface-exposed microbial structures or molecules that enable pathogenic organisms to adhere to host surfaces, a fundamental step towards host infection. although several mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins have been identified, it is predicted ...

Saponin-based adjuvants have been widely used to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses in many species, but their mode of action is not fully understood. A characterization of the porcine transcriptional response to Matrix-M was performed in vitro using lymphocytes, monocytes or monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and in vivo. The effect of Matrix-M was also evaluated in specific p...