In certain extraembryonic tissues of normal female mouse conceptuses, X-chromosome-dosage compensation is achieved by preferential inactivation of the paternally derived X. Diploid parthenogenones have two maternally derived X chromosomes, hence this mechanism cannot operate. To examine whether this contributes to the inviability of parthenogenones, XO and XX parthenogenetic eggs were construct...

When considering the genetic implications of immigrant gene flow, it is important to evaluate both the proportions of immigrant gametes and their genetic composition. We simultaneously investigated paternal and maternal gene flow in dispersed seeds in a natural population of Pinus densiflora located along a ridge. The paternity and maternity of a total of 454 dispersed seeds (in 2004 and 2005) ...

Live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) prime-boost vaccination previously conferred protection against heterologous H3N2 swine influenza challenge, including in piglets with maternally derived antibodies (MDA). Conversely, a whole-inactivated virus (WIV) vaccine was associated with enhanced disease. This study was aimed at identifying immune correlates of cross-protection. Piglets with and with...

The event that 8 of 12 pups born to a Lyme borreliosis-positive dam tested positive on a commonly used in-hospital Lyme borreliosis test kit at 1 week of age prompted breeder concern about the possibility and implications of transplacental Lyme borreliosis infection. Almost 2 weeks after the initial serologic test results were obtained, blood was collected from the puppies for comprehensive tes...

x-linked agamaglobulinemia (xla) or bruton’s disease is a genetic disease resulting from a mutation in the bruton’s tyrosine kinase (btk) gene. this mutation leads to b cell arrest during differentiation (1). this disease was first described by ogden bruton in 1952 (2). approximately 85% of the affected subjects are male (3). this disorder is inherited as an x-linked recessive trait. carrier fe...

In the absence of livestock contact, recurring lamb mortality in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) populations previously exposed to pneumonia indicates the likely presence of carriers of pneumonia-causing pathogens, and possibly inadequate maternally derived immunity. To investigate this problem we commingled naïve, pregnant ewes (n=3) with previously exposed rams (n=2). Post-commingling, all ew...

Recent evidence based on the current epidemiological situation suggests that vaccines against canine leptospirosis in Europe should be directed against infection with Leptospira interrogans (sensu lato) serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa and Australis. In the eight studies presented here, dogs were vaccinated with Nobivac L4 (MSD Animal Health), a new tetravalent inactivate...

COVID‐19 is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 and spreads from person‐to‐person. Pregnant women continued to be vulnerable COVID‐19. Infant protection covid-19 infection primarily dependent on neonatal innate immune responses maternally derived, transplacentally acquired antibodies. Our aim was study trans placental passage of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody the magnitude natural passive immunity in infants born m...