OBJECTIVES This article examines the association between maternal education, smoking and other risk factors and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. DATA SOURCE The data are from the 1994/95 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. The analysis was restricted to a subsample of 4,181 children younger than age 2 and was based on information provided by their biological mothers. ...

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy, especially when sustained, leads to numerous adverse health outcomes in offspring. Pregnant women disproportionately underreport smoking and smokers tend to have lower follow-up rates to repeat questionnaires. Missing, incomplete, or inaccurate data on presence and duration of smoking in pregnancy impairs identification of novel health effects and l...

Maternal smoking in pregnancy may be associated with higher offspring blood pressure; however, results of previous studies have been inconsistent and included varying confounder adjustments. We studied the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at 7 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, accounting for important social and environme...

BACKGROUND Although maternal smoking during pregnancy has been reported to have an effect on childhood overweight/obesity, the impact of maternal smoking on the trajectory of the body mass of their offspring is not very clear. Previously, we investigated this effect by using a fixed-effect model. However, this analysis was limited because it rounded and categorized the age of the children. Ther...

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking is associated with low birthweight (LBW). LBW prevalence is increasing in the US. However, it is unclear whether a fall in maternal smoking has any impact on the LBW prevalence in Massachusetts, a state with a comprehensive tobacco control program since 1993. METHODS Temporal patterns in prenatal maternal smoking and in LBW prevalence were quantified between 1989 a...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of (1) maternal smoking during pregnancy; and (2) partner smoking on offspring's height in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. METHODS All hospital live births from 1993 (5,249) were identified, and these infants were followed up at several ages. Height for age, expressed as z-scores using the World Health Organization growth curves, was measured at all follow-...

Second hand smoke exposure (SHSe) relates to many chronic and acute illnesses. Low income African American (AA) maternal smokers and their children have disproportionately higher tobacco-use and child SHSe-related morbidity and mortality than other populations. While public health officials promote residential smoking restrictions to reduce SHSe and promote smoking cessation, little is known ab...

Maternal smoking is associated with increased risk of in the offspring. However, it remains unclear whether this association depends on timing exposure to maternal smoking. We investigated between prenatal and/or postnatal and offspring during adolescence. Participants (N = 1661) were from Québec Longitudinal Study Child Development cohort. identified longitudinal trajectories before pregnancy ...

Maternal smoking is well known to adversely affect birth outcomes, and there is considerable spatial variation in the rates of maternal smoking in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. This spatial variation is a partial driver of health inequalities between rich and poor communities, and it is of interest to determine the extent to which these inequalities have changed over time. Therefore in this pa...

PURPOSE To study the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational-age birth weight (SGA) and preterm birth, and to quantify the population-attributable fractions for these outcomes in Switzerland. METHODS Data were gathered for all births in the Canton of Vaud (Switzerland) over a twelvemonth period in 1993-1994. LBW was defined as bi...