Cryptococcus neoformans is a heterothallic basidiomycete with two mating types, MATa and MATalpha. The mating pathway of this fungus has a number of conserved genes, including a MATalpha-specific pheromone (MFalpha1). A modified differential display strategy was used to identify a gene encoding the MATa pheromone. The gene, designated MFa1, is 42 amino acids in length and contains a conserved f...

The notion of “real world” geographic information systems (GIS) technology can be examined through reviewing how one of Brazil’s largest non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, has evolved in an iterative process with the development and use of GIS technology. Examining the actual ways in which GIS is incorporated into the activities and actions of NGOs, such as Fund...

simulation of groundwater fluctuations plays a crucial role in management of watersheds and water demand balancing. recently, wavelet analysis has been used widely in time series decomposition and coupling with neural networks for hydrological modeling. in this paper, the ability of the wavelet-dynamic artificial neural networks (w-ann) model was applied in forecasting one-month-ahead of ground...

A hierarchy of different chromosome conformations plays a role in many biological systems. These conformations contribute to the regulation of gene expression, cellular development, chromosome transmission, and defects can lead to human disease. The highest functional level of this hierarchy is the partitioning of the genome into compartments of active and inactive chromatin domains (1’s -10’s ...

Cryptococcus neoformans is a heterothallic basidiomycete which possesses a bipolar mating system based on two mating type alleles, MATa and MATalpha. In the type variety, C. neoformans var. neoformans, both mating types have been found among strains of one serotype, serotype D, whereas only MATalpha was identified after extensive survey of serotype A strains. Serotype A MA Ta appeared to be ext...

Traditional analysis of gender wage gaps has largely focused on average gaps between men and women, and mean wage decompositions such as the Blinder-Oaxaca (1973) decomposition method. To answer the question of whether there is a " glass ceiling " or a " sticky floor " , i.e. whether wage gaps are higher at the upper or lower ends of the wage distribution, this paper examines the wage gaps acro...

Counterfactual decomposition allows the researcher to analyze the changes in wage distributions by discriminating between the e¤ect of changes in the population characteristics and the e¤ect of changes in returns to these characteristics. In this paper we propose to apply this methodology by recovering the conditional distribution via a set of quantile regressions. Additionally, we also propose...

The subspace approach for linear realization and identiication problems is a promising alternative for the 'classical' identiication methods. It has advantages with respect to structure determination and parametrization of linear models, is computationally simple and numerically robust. A summary is given of existing techniques based upon the singular value and qr decomposition. Algebraic, geom...

Interspecific and intervarietal hybridization may contribute to the biological diversity of fungal populations. Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast and the most common fungal cause of meningitis in patients with AIDS. Most patients are infected with either of the two varieties of C. neoformans, designated as serotype A (C. neoformans var. grubii) or serotype D (C. neoformans var. neof...