OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed anatomic description of middle ear endoscopy via different approaches. METHOD Using 0, 30 and 90 degree rigid endoscopes, 6 dry temporal bones and 11 temporal bone blocks were examined to define the average range of view obtained by three approaches: 1. via the external ear canal approach; 2. via a retroauricular incision: including two subdivided routes, the m...

this study was designed reevaluate the outcome of soft wall reconstruction technique for cwd mastoidectomy and to test the validity of anteriorly–based musculoperiosteal flap attachment without oblitrating the mastoid cavity for increasing graft viability. two methods of reconstruction were used. soft wall reconstruction method as described previously by smith et al, were performed on 35 patien...

OBJECTIVES Chronic infection of the middle ear and cholesteatoma can be treated surgically by exenteration of the mastoid air cells behind the ear. After a procedure with the canal wall-down technique, a cavity remains that is sometimes difficult to clean, collects crust, and becomes repeatedly infected. Such problematic mastoid cavities can be eliminated by filling the created cavity surgicall...

The mastoid air cell system represents a more or less extensive system of interconnecting air filled cavities arising from the walls of the mastoid antrum and walls of the middle ear. Allam (1969) classified the pneumatized spaces of the temporal bone into five different regions: middle ear region, mastoid region, perilabrynthine region, petrous apex region and accessory region. This air cell s...

Congenital cholesteatoma may originate at various sites in the temporal bone. For example, in the petrous apex, the cerebellopontine angle, the middle ear cavity, the mastoid process or the external auditory canal. The least common site being the mastoid process. We present two cases of congenital cholesteatoma of the mastoid process, each presenting with different symptoms and at different age...

Purpose : To compare the enhancement pattern of normal facial nerves on 3D-FLAIR and 3D-T1-FFE-F) sequences at 3.0 T MR units. Materials and Methods: We assessed 20 consecutive subjects without a history of facial nerve abnormalities who underwent temporal bone MRI with contrast enhancement between January 2008 and March 2009. Two neuroradiologists independently reviewed pre-/post-enhanced 3D-T...

OBJECTIVE This study is concerned with clarification of radiological findings that should be addressed and reported in patients listed for cochlear implant (CI) operation. These findings may force a surgeon to consider modifications of the surgical approach by a CI surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed from January 2015 to January 2016. It included 50 patients with severe-to-...

Bifurcation of the carotid artery at a cephalic location greatly increases the risk associated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Mandibular subluxation (MS) can improve access to the cephalic location; however, the benefits of MS remain unclear. The present study objectively assessed the efficacy of MS. MS was performed with only wire fixation of healthy teeth in four patients (Group A), with ...

BACKGROUND The paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells vary considerably in size and shape from person to person. The main structures are pneumatic. In this study, we investigated the relationship between right and left sides and evaluated the volume changes according to age and sex. METHODS Of all patients attending the radiology department, 91 cases without paranasal sinuses and mastoid air...

The shape of the temporal bone of the adult human cranium, specifically the mastoid region, is documented widely in past literature as a measure of sexual dimorphism within and among human populations. Yet, past research focus primarily on the qualitative assessment of the size of the mastoid region as it varies between males and females. This study explores both standard qualitative and standa...