Customary marriage (nikāḥ ‘urfī)—non-official married life of a couple—is a new phenomenon increasingly spreading throughout the Arab world. Legal and social consequences of customary marriage have led many socio-jurisprudential scholars to forbid all its varieties. The strategy has, nevertheless, failed to restrain the spread of this type of marriage. In this paper, I argue that one f...

In this paper we introduce the definitions of generalized ideals and generalized filters in pseudo effect algebras. From the generalized ideals (filters), we obtain some equivalent characterization of ideals (filters). The relationships among generalized ideals, ideals and local ideals are studied in detail. We also establish an isomorphism between the set of supports and the set of generalized...

We first give some useful characterizations of regular semigroups and right weakly regular semigroups by the properties of their bi-ideals, interior ideals, left ideals and right ideals. Based on these characterizations, we also characterize regular semigroups and right weakly regular semigroups by the properties of their (∈,∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals, (∈,∈ ∨qk)-fuzzy interior ideals,...

the aim of this paper is to introduce the notions of ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy p-ideals, ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy q-ideals and ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy a-ideals in bcialgebras and to investigate some of their properties. several characterizationtheorems for these generalized fuzzy ideals are proved and the relationshipamong these generalized fuzzy ideals of bci-algebras i...

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notions of ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy p-ideals, ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy q-ideals and ($epsilon, epsilon vee q$)-fuzzy a-ideals in BCIalgebras and to investigate some of their properties. Several characterizationtheorems for these generalized fuzzy ideals are proved and the relationshipamong these generalized fuzzy ideals of BCI-algebras i...

In this paper, we introduce the notions of (∈,∈ ∨ q)-N -ideals and (γ, δ)-N -ideals of subtraction algebras, which are generalization of N -ideals. Some characterization for these generalized N -ideals are derived. Also, we introduce the notions of (∈,∈ ∨ q)-N -ideals and N -ideals with thresholds of subtraction algebras. The characterization of N -ideals with thresholds by their closed (f, t)-...

abstract. in this paper, we introduce the notion of fuzzy obstinate ideals in mv -algebras. some properties of fuzzy obstinate ideals are given. not only we give some characterizations of fuzzy obstinate ideals, but also bring the extension theorem of fuzzy obstinate ideal of an mv -algebra a. we investigate the relationships between fuzzy obstinate ideals and the other fuzzy ideals of an mv -a...

In this paper a particular case of z-ideals, called strongly z-ideal, is defined by introducing zero sets in pointfree topology. We study strongly z-ideals, their relation with z-ideals and the role of spatiality in this relation. For strongly z-ideals, we analyze prime ideals using the concept of zero sets. Moreover, it is proven that the intersection of all zero sets of a prime ideal of C(L),...

We introduce the notions of interval-valued fuzzy prime ideals, interval-valued fuzzy completely prime ideals and intervalvalued fuzzy weakly completely prime ideals. And we give a characterization of interval-valued fuzzy ideals and establish relationships between interval-valued fuzzy completely prime ideals and interval-valued fuzzy weakly completely prime ideals.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})− fuzzy subnear-ring which is a generalization of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy subnear-ring. We have given examples which are ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q_{k})−fuzzy ideals but they are not ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ q)−fuzzy ideals. We have also introduced the notions of ($epsilon $, $epsilon $ $vee$ ...