The lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435®, CALB) efficiently catalyzed the kinetic resolution of some aliphatic secondary alcohols: (±)-4-methylpentan-2-ol, (±)-5-methylhexan-2-ol, (±)-octan-2-ol, (±)-heptan-3-ol and (±)-oct-1-en-3-ol. The lipase showed excellent enantioselectivities in the transesterifications of racemic aliphatic secondary alcohols producing the enantiopure alcohols ...

Objective To investigate paediatricians’ perception and awareness of off-label (OL) and unlicensed drug usage in clinical practice. Methods We conducted a questionnaire-based, observational study involving 28 departments/speciality units of four tertiary paediatrics Italian hospitals. The questionnaire was sent to a designated paediatrician in each department/speciality unit with the request th...

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common premalignancy in the oral cavity and can progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). SMAD4 is a tumor suppressor implicated in multiple cancer types including OSCC. To assess the role of SMAD4 in oral leukoplakia malignant transformation, the authors investigated SMAD4 expression patterns in OL and OSCC using a highly specific antibody and correlate...

Organizational learning (OL) is about how individuals collect, absorb, and transform information into organizational memory and knowledge. This case study explored how six high-technology firms in Taiwan chose OL as an organization development intervention strategy. Issues included how best to implement OL; how individuals, teams, and organizations learn; and the extent to which OL activities c...

Ornithine lipids (OLs) are phosphorus-free membrane lipids widespread in bacteria but absent from archaea and eukaryotes. In addition to the unmodified OLs, a variety of OL derivatives hydroxylated in different structural positions has been reported. Recently, methylated derivatives of OLs were described in several planctomycetes isolated from a peat bog in Northern Russia, although the gene/en...

Objective Oxidative stress and immune response are associated with acute renal failure (ARF). Ophiocordyceps lanpingensis (OL) might be an antioxidant and immunopotentiator. In this study, we explored the protective effects of OL on glycerol-induced ARF. Methods Male mice were randomly divided into four groups, specifically, glycerol-induced ARF model group, low-dose OL-treated group (1.0 g/k...

INTRODUCTION Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity. AIM Epidemiological and clinical analysis of patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) diagnosed and treated in the Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was retrospective and prospective. Among 55 911 patients diagnosed and treated i...

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a common, potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. SMAD4 was initially identified as a tumor suppressor and central mediator of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. In this study, we aimed to determine the expression patterns of SMAD4 in OL, its relationship with the degree of inflammation, and its clinical implications as a biomarker for OL malignant...

Learning of patterns by neural networks obeying general rules of sensory transductl and of converting membrane potentials to spiking frequencies is considered. A finite number of cells Ol can sample a pattern playing on any finite number of cells without causing irrevocable sampling bias if Ol = f:H or Ol () f:H = 1". Total eneJ transfer from inputs of Ol to outputs of f:H depends on the entrop...

BACKGROUND Terpinen-4-ol, a naturally occurring monoterpene is the main bioactive component of tea-tree oil and has been shown to have many biological activities. AIM To study the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol and its mechanism of action in prostate and GI malignancies, alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic and biological agents. METHODS Terpinen-4-ol was administrated alone o...