This paper discusses the use of excimer lasers in the manufacture of microelectromechanical devices and systems. With emphasis on two application areas: laser micromachining of polymer masters for replication in metal by electroplating (Laser-LIGA), and laser-assisted manipulation of microparts for hybrid assembly. As a master fabrication method, laser micromachining offers advantages over conv...

Multiproduct manufacturing facilities running on a campaign basis are increasingly becoming the norm for biopharmaceuticals, owing to high risks of clinical failure, regulatory pressures and the increasing number of therapeutics in clinical evaluation. The need for such flexible plants and cost-effective manufacture pose significant challenges for planning and scheduling, which are compounded b...

The chemical changes that occur in the various stages of tea manufacture were. until recently, imperfectly known. Research in this direction would help not only in improving the existing methods of manufacture, but also in the solution of any ... fresh problems as they arise. In order to render the present manufacturing practices scientific rather than empirical, a thorough knowledge of the che...

the satellite battery pack is one of the important and vital parts that are required for conducting special design with multiple capabilities. some parameters like the minimum weight, lack of outgassing of parts, avoiding from short- circuit in batteries inside battery pack, the possibility for making series connection in batteries, and prevention from destroying battery pack structure caused b...

In this paper, we present a novel web-based computer-aided modeling and manufacturing software tool for spherical mechanisms. Our purpose is to facilitate the analysis, dynamic simulation, and manufacture of one degree of freedom spherical four-bar mechanisms. First, a brief review of some of the current computer-aided design software for spherical four-bar mechanisms is presented. These softwa...

This paper presents a novel view of a software environment which has the potential to provide support to design for manufacture in line with the aims of global concurrent engineering. The arguments developed should have significant consequences for future CAE systems development and support the continuing globalisation in business development. The approach taken has at the centre of its philoso...

Conventional supply chain management (SCM) considered only three stages: pre-manufacture, manufacture and use, while the present enterprises and specially the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) need to consider the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) for competitive and stability in the market. It means this chain have to consider from birth to death of the products or services. S...

Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is applied to the manufacture of immunological veterinary medicinal products (IVMPs) in a number of regions around the world. Within the European Union (EU) there are well-established requirements for GMP in the manufacture of IVMPs. Maintaining GMP when producing IVMPs is important because there are particular risks associated with their manufacture. These ris...