the aim of this study was to explain and prioritize the barriers facing privatization of sports in iran. first, complementary data were gathered, coded and analyzed through the review of the theoretical bases, comparative studies and deep semi–structured interviews with experts in order to identify the barriers facing privatization of sports. after identifying the barriers, the obtained variabl...

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of four personal and social variables including the age, literacy, job experience and size of herd on different variables such as implementing of managerial strategies in transition period, relevant costs of these strategies, average production per head and gross income of milk sale per head. For this purpose all required information were co...

Deteriorated urban textures are areas of a city isolated from developmental life cycle. They have turned into the focus of problems and inefficiencies. The evaluation of renewal actions claims to promote residents’ satisfaction in some cases. At the same time of improving objective and economic quality of life, there are claims regarding the lack of any improvements in their subjective quality ...

Congestion is an important issue that requires the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs). We first classify conventional congestion into congestion (newly defined) and technical inefficiency, based on prior research and real applications. Modified definitions and mathematical expression of congestion, managerial inefficiency, and technical inefficiency are proposed to better illustrate the...

Abstract. We model costly interactions (contracts) between managers and investors. We suggest that globalization of production and favorable technology shock of the 1990s altered economic environment of managerinvestor interactions. These changes exacerbate agency conflict due to the increased managerial gains from ex post reneging, and, simultaneously, decreased costs of managerial reneging. I...