Mammary tumors have a high prevalence in bitches and women, are related to rates of morbidity mortality. For the human species, thermography has stood out as diagnostic tool for breast cancer. However, its clinical benefit remains unknown. Thus, goal present study was evaluate applicability infrared canine mammary tumors, well correlate tumor temperature with mitotic index volume. Thermographic...

Prolactin binding in normal mammary glands and pregnancy-dependent mammary tumors and plasma prolactin levels were assayed near parturition in GR/A female mice. Mammary glands and tumors cut into 0.5-mm thick slices were incubated in Medium 199 containing 5 ng of 125I-labeled ovine prolactin at 37 degrees C for 2 hr, and specific prolactin binding was expressed in terms of the difference betwee...

Despite recent progress, the physiological role of Hippo signaling in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. Here we show that the Hippo pathway is functionally dispensable in virgin mammary glands but specifically required during pregnancy. In contrast to many other tissues, hyperactivation of YAP in mammary epithelia does not induce hyperplasia but leads to def...

It may appear counter-intuitive to compare feathers and mammary glands. However, through this Evo-Devo analysis, we appreciate how species interact with the environment, requiring different ectodermal organs. Novel ectodermal organs help define evolutionary directions, leading to new organism classes as exemplified by feathers for Aves and mammary glands for Mammals. Here, we review their struc...

During lactation in the sow, mammary glands that are not regularly suckled undergo regression. This study characterizes the regression of unsuckled mammary glands and how that regression is affected by dietary nutrients and litter size. Sixty-nine primiparous sows were fed one of four diets containing combinations of two protein levels (32 or 65 g lysine/d) and two energy levels (12 or 17.5 Mca...

AIM AND METHODS The recent discovery of a new isoform of estrogen receptor (ER), ER beta, has promoted the investigation of its expression on mammary gland. This study was carried out to examine the expression of ER alpha, ER beta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the carcinogen-induced mammary tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA...

Glucose Regulated Protein (GRP) 94 and GRP78 are critical molecular chaperones and regulators of signaling. Conditional knockout mouse models have revealed tissue specific requirements for GRP94 and GRP78, including selection for allele retention in specific cell types. Here we report the consequences of mammary-targeted knockout of these GRPs. Our studies revealed that MMTV-Cre, Grp94(f/f) mam...

It has been reported by several investigators that the mammary glands of female mice from strains varying in susceptibility to spontaneous mammary carcinomas show characteristic differences (2, 3, 5, 8). Since the internal secretions of the ovaries influence the development of the mammary glands, the question arises whether differences exist in the ovaries of the various strains. To determine t...

Previously ectopic breast tissue was thought to be derived from the caudal remnants of the primitive embryonic milk ridges; anogenital mammary-like glands are presently considered as normal constituents of the anogenital region. We report a case of young female, who presented with an anal papilloma. Histopathological examination revealed extensive fibrocystic changes in anogenital mammary-like ...

The aims of this study were to test whether xanthine oxidase, lactoperoxidase, and NO are components of the innate immune system of mammary secretion during active involution in dairy cows, and whether the innate immune system is activated by casein hydrolysates. Our laboratory has shown recently that infusion of CNH into mammary glands induced involution and was associated with earlier increas...