B IOLOGICAL ASSAYS of angiotensin in the blood of patients with normal blood pressures, patients with benign essential hypertension, and patients with malignant hypertension indicate that there are significantly greater quantities of angiotensin in the subjects with benign essential hypertension than in the normotensive group and that the greatest quantities of angiotensin are present in the pa...

BACKGROUND There is still considerable uncertainty regarding sensitivity of arterial blood pressure to endogenous peptides in renal hypertension. Many pathological processes including hypertension have been shown to be associated with release of endothelin-1 (ET-1). However the role of ET-1 in regulation of arterial blood pressure in hypertension is still controversial. OBJECTIVES The role of...

Hypertensive crisis refers to a syndrome characterized by severe BP elevation associated with imminent risks to the patient (1,2). It is a common clinical problem and accounts for 27.5% of all medical emergencies presenting to the emergency department (3). It is useful to distinguish between hypertensive emergencies (Table 1 ), in which BP should be lowered within minutes, and hypertensive urge...

BACKGROUND Malignant hypertension is frequently complicated by renal insufficiency. Although the survival of this hypertensive emergency has improved, recent data on renal outcome and its predictors are lacking. We assessed renal outcome and its predictors in patients with malignant hypertension. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients admitted with malignant hypertension in Amsterdam, the...

BACKGROUND Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by severe hypertension and multi-organ ischemic complications. Albeit mortality and renal survival have improved with antihypertensive therapy, progression to end-stage renal disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The underlying cause of malignant hypertension, which can be primary or secondary hypertension,...

Adrenal-enucleated, mononephrectomized rats given a high salt diet rapidly develop malignant hypertension, characterized by the presence of necrotizing vascular lesions in a number of organs and tissues. If a normal salt intake is provided, or if hydrochlorothiazide is given together with a high salt diet, there is, instead, the delayed onset of benign hypertension which either stabilizes or in...