OBJECTIVES This study examined the perceptions of cigarette packaging and the potential impact of plain packaging regulations. The hypothesis was that the branded cigarette packages would be rated more positively than the corresponding plain packs with and without descriptors. DESIGN Between-subjects experimental online survey. Male and female participants were separately randomised to one of...

Tobacco industry marketing is a primary factor influencing cigarette smoking behavior and the cigarette pack has become an important marketing vehicle for tobacco companies. Standardized "plain" cigarette packaging is advocated as a public health policy to prevent and reduce morbidity and mortality caused by smoking by reducing youth smoking initiation and promoting cessation among smokers. Pla...

Background: In cirrhotic patients undergoing ano-rectal surgery, spinal anesthesia/analgesia remains a challenge. Coagulopathy and intraoperative hypotension represent a major challenge for the anesthetist during spinal anesthesia in those patients. This study was designed to examine the efficacy and the adverse effects of ropivacaine (plain, hyperbaric) spinal anesthesia for anorectal surgery ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether smokers smoking from packs required under Australia's plain packaging law had different smoking beliefs and quitting thoughts, compared with those still smoking from branded packs. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey during the roll-out phase of the law, analysed by timing of survey. SETTING Australian state of Victoria, November 2012. PARTICIPANTS 536 cigarette s...

Introduction. Whole body CT is being used increasingly in the primary survey of major trauma patients. We evaluated whether omitting plain films of the chest and pelvis in the primary survey was safe. We compared the probability of survival of patients and time to CT who had plain X-rays to those who did not. Method. We performed a database study on major trauma patients admitted between 2008 a...

Abstract: Plain Milling is one of the progressive enhancements of miniaturized technologies which have wide range of application in industries and other related areas. Plain milling cutters are widely used in roughing and finishing of parts. The milling cutter geometry and distribution of inserts on the cutter body vary significantly in industry depending on the application. This paper presents...