Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis. In adults, angiogenesis is an infrequent event in the normal tissue except in the female reproductive tract where angiogenesis occurs frequently during the cyclical repair and regeneration of the endometrium as well as in the ovary. Little is known about angiogenesis in the male reproductive tract. The role of VEGF in...

The concept that the male reproductive tract harbors isolated reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has now been widely accepted. The significance of semen viral burden to sexual transmission of HIV is obvious; however, its contribution to disease progression is unknown. We report a case study that demonstrates the emergence of resistance-conferring mutations to antiviral t...

One of 353 Port Jackson sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, caught o¡ the southern coast of Western Australia, was a hermaphrodite. The female reproductive tract consisted of a large (functional) right ovary with three large yolked ova, a small non-functional left ovary and two well-developed uteri and oviducal glands. The male tract comprised two conspicuous but undeveloped testes, two vas de...

The male reproductive system (Figure 1) consists of a series of glandular, muscular, and ciliated tubes and diverticula dedicated to the production, storage, nourishment, and activation of spermatozoa, and to their transport into the female reproductive tract. There are three products of the system: the germ cells, the seminal fluid that bathes them when they are emitted, and hormones that regu...

congenital and acquired abnormalities of the reproductive tract of female sheep resulting in subfertility,infertility or sterility cannot easily be detected by routine clinical examination. morphopathologicalabnormalities of the reproductive tract of ewes were studied by examining a total of 739 genital tracts inabattoirs of fars province, iran. from these, the 648 non-pregnant genitalia were e...

Understanding of the development of the reproductive organs is essential to the evaluation of abnormalities in sexual differentiation. Recent advances resulting from application of genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructural techniques have helped to clarify the mechanisms regulating gonadal and reproductive tract development. The present review considers the major processes of sexual differentia...