MAL is an integral protein component of the machinery for apical transport in epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. To maintain its distribution, MAL cycles continuously between the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex. The clathrin-mediated route for apical internalization is known to differ from that at the basolateral surface. Herein, we report that MAL depends on the clathrin ...

The MAL proteolipid has been recently demonstrated as being necessary for correct apical sorting of the transmembrane influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The fact that, in contrast to MDCK cells, Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells target the majority of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins to the basolateral membrane provides us with the op...

We analyzed the G-actin-regulated transcriptome by gene expression analysis using previously characterized actin-binding drugs. We found many known MAL/MRTF-dependent target genes of serum response factor (SRF), as well as additional directly regulated genes. Surprisingly, several putative antiproliferative target genes were identified, including mig6/errfi-1, a negative regulator of the EGFR f...

MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) is a critical protein in innate immunity, involved in signaling by several Toll-like receptors (TLRs), key pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Crystal structures of MAL revealed a nontypical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain fold stabilized by two disulfide bridges. We therefore undertook a structural and functional analysis of the role of reactive cysteine res...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-2 and -4 are important proteins in innate immunity, recognizing microbial products and eliciting host defense responses. Both use the adapter proteins MyD88 and MyD88 adapter-like (Mal) to activate signaling pathways. Here we report that Mal but not MyD88 interacts with caspase-1, the enzyme that processes the precursors of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and I...

Nuclear accumulation of the serum response factor coactivator MAL/MKL1 is controlled by its interaction with G-actin, which results in its retention in the cytoplasm in cells with low Rho activity. We previously identified actin mutants whose expression promotes MAL nuclear accumulation via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that actin interacts directly with MAL in vitro with high affinity. W...

This paper proposes several novel methods, based on machine learning, to detect malware in executable files without any need for preprocessing, such as unpacking or disassembling. The basic method (Mal-ID) is a new static (form-based) analysis methodology that utilizes common segment analysis in order to detect malware files. By using common segment analysis, Mal-ID is able to discard malware p...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Organophosphate insecticides (OPIs) are widely used in agriculture and horticulture for controlling insects in crops, ornamentals, lawns, fruits, and vegetables. But, there have not yet any study about effects of sulforophane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR) on the oxidative stress created by acute toxic effects of malathion (MAL) as an OPI often causing human and animal poiso...