The Designers’ Workbench is a system, developed by the Advanced Knowledge Technologies (AKT) consortium to support designers in large organizations, such as Rolls-Royce, to ensure that the design is consistent with the specification for the particular design as well as with the company’s design rule book(s). In the principal application discussed here, the evolving design is described against a...

Open data is an emerging paradigm to share large and diverse datasets—primarily from governmental agencies, but also from other organizations—with the goal to enable the exploitation of the data for societal, academic, and commercial gains. There are now already many datasets available with diverse characteristics in terms of size, encoding and structure. These datasets are often created and ma...

The purpose of this paper is using the concepts of value engineering (VE) in evaluating the improvement caused by preventive maintenance (PM) systems in construction project. A real case is used to show how we can implement the proposed method. VE is the systematic application of recognized techniques by multi-disciplined teams that identifies the function of a product or service, establishes a...

Software maintenance is an important area in practical software engineering that has been largely overlooked by many theoretical computer scientists. This paper gives an overview of some formal techniques that have been developed recently to aid the software maintenance process, and in particular reverse engineering and re-engineering. In the future, it is suggested that speci cations rather th...

Engineering asset management (EAM) is a broad discipline with distributed functions and services. When engineering assets are capital intensive, management requires specialized expertise for diagnosis, prognosis, maintenance and repairs. The current practice of EAM relies on self maintained experiential rules with coordinated collaboration and outsourcing for maintenance and repairs. In order t...

BACKGROUND Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes remains a major problem for cartilage tissue engineering. Chondrocytes loss differentiated phenotype in in vitro culture that is undesired for repair strategies. The chondrocyte is surrounded by a pericellular matrix (PCM), together forming the chondron. PCM has a positive effect on the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype during culture in compar...