A shallow depth-of-field is often used as a creative element in photographs. This, however, comes at the cost of expensive and heavy camera equipment, such as large sensor DSLR bodies and fast lenses. In contrast, cheap small-sensor cameras with fixed lenses usually exhibit a larger depth-of-field than desirable. In this case a computational solution is suggesting, since a shallow depth-of-fiel...

Figure 1 A, Polypoid, nonencapsulated lesion with a well-circumscribed dermal proliferation (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×20). B and C, Note the abundant extracellular collagenous matrix in some areas of the tumor (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×100 [A] and ×200 [B]). D, Detail of cells with monomorphic elongated, oval nuclei (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ...

Templates are used in the preoperative planning of many orthopaedic procedures. The magnification of the bones on preoperative radiographs can vary despite using standardised radiological techniques. Templates will give misleading measurements unless this magnification is quantified. A coin may be used to calculate the magnification, with significant improvement in the accuracy of templating (p...

BACKGROUND Flexible video bronchoscopes, in particular the Olympus BF Type 3C160, are commonly used in pediatric respiratory medicine. There is no data on the magnification and distortion effects of these bronchoscopes yet important clinical decisions are made from the images. The aim of this study was to systematically describe the magnification and distortion of flexible bronchoscope images t...

It is well known, that online neural gas (NG) possesses a magnification exponent different from the information theoretically optimum one in adaptive map formation. The exponent can explicitely be controlled by a small change of the learning algorithm. Batch NG constitutes a fast alternative optimization scheme for NG vector quantizers which possesses the same magnification factor as standard o...

The magnification behaviour of a generalized family of self-organizing feature maps, the Winner Relaxing and Winner Enhancing Kohonen algorithms is analyzed by the magnification law in the one-dimensional case, which can be obtained analytically. The Winner-Enhancing case allows to acheive a magnification exponent of one and therefore provides optimal mapping in the sense of information theory....

BACKGROUND The authors conducted a study aimed to assess the awareness and attitude among dental students and residents at King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD) toward using dental magnification. METHODS An e-questionnaire was formulated then sent to dental students and residents (n = 651). The questionnaire included questions that assessed both the awareness and attitude to...

A distinct body of literature supports the association between clinical postures of the dental practitioner and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD). Several aids or devices have been tested to improve clinical posture in the interest of decreasing WRMD. The use of magnification lenses while performing dental procedures may increase the quality of work and decrease the likelihood of mu...