in spite of considerable increase in the resolution of general circulation and regional models, none of these models are capable to predict and downscale the meteorological outputs in the scale of meteorological station.in this regard, different dynamical and statistical models have been developed for downscaling outputs of gcms. in this paper, grided meteorological outputs of general circulati...

today, climate change is one of the most important scientific and even the political – social issues. the causes of climate change can be divided into natural and human - made. natural factors have the long-term performance and long history, such as the cycle of solar activity, dusts and gases of volcanic eruptions, geodetic and static agents and etc. human-made factors was mainly formed and ac...

One of the COP26 aims was to keep 1.5°C within reach by asking countries come forward with ambitious year 2030 emission reductions targets further pursue necessary action meet Paris climate targets. We assess mean global temperature rise given updated pledges in context future pathways considered international scientific community. Overall, we find current are not consistent a likely meeting th...

Heart failure is now the most common condition that leads to hospital admission in industrialized nations. Although the overall prognosis for patients with chronic heart failure is still gloomy, and similar to that of many of the most common forms of cancer, a combination of pre-clinical and clinical research conducted over the past 25 years has led to five significant advances, each of which h...

one of the most important impact of climate change is reduction of precipitation in some areas including iran. hence, climate change studies are essential in these areas. besides, according to ipcc, some meteorological stations of iran, such as tabriz (capital of east azerbaijan province) have showed a downward trend in precipitation. therefore, east azerbaijan province was selected as the stud...

The paper highlights challenges facing the water sector at the global and national levels. The impacts of rainfall variability on the environment and socioeconomic conditions of the Sudan were discussed. Taking into consideration factors affecting rainfall of the country like the position of the Inter-Tropical Discontinuity Zone (ITDZ), the subtropical anticyclones and climate change. Recent st...

Operating atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) measurement networks in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) has some unique challenges and opportunities. The SH atmosphere is dominated by ocean-atmosphere interactions and the precision requirements for atmospheric measurements are more acute, which make calibration propagation strategies for regional networks in the SH a critical issue for comparing data f...