An edge magic total labeling of a graph G(V,E) with p vertices and q edges is a bijection f from the set of vertices and edges to such that for every edge uv in E, f(u) + f(uv) + f(v) is a constant k. If there exist two constants k1 and k2 such that the above sum is either k1 or k2, it is said to be an edge bimagic total labeling. A total edge magic (edge bimagic) graph is called a super edge m...

Introduction: Multiple fields and presence of heterogeneities create complex dose distributions that need three dimensional dosimetry. In this work, we investigated MR-based MAGIC gel dosimetry as a three-dimensional dosimetry technique to measure the delivered dose to bladder and rectum in prostate radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: A heterogeneous slab phantom including bones was made....

Let G be a finite graph with p vertices and q edges. A vertex magic total labeling is a bijection f from     G E G V  to the consecutive integers 1, 2, ..., p+q with the property that for every   G V u ,       k uv f u f u N v     for some constant k. Such a labeling is E-super if     q G E f , , 2 , 1 :   . A graph G is called E-super vertex magic if it admits an E-supe...

Introduction The use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. These changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3D) can be measured by gel dosimeters. Materials and Methods Dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). The energies were 4, 9, and 16 MeV and phantom w...

Let A be a non-trivial Abelian group. We call a graph G = (V, E) A-magic if there exists a labeling f : E → A∗ such that the induced vertex set labeling f : V → A, defined by f(v) = ∑ uv∈E f(uv) is a constant map. In this paper, we show that Kk1,k2,...,kn (ki ≥ 2) is A-magic, for all A where |A| ≥ 3.

A graph G = (V, E) is said to be magic if there exists an integer labeling f : V ∪ E −→ [1, |V ∪ E|] such that f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) is constant for all edges xy ∈ E. Enomoto, Masuda and Nakamigawa proved that there are magic graphs of order at most 3n + o(n) which contain a complete graph of order n. Bounds on Sidon sets show that the order of such a graph is at least n + o(n). We close the gap ...

Introduction: In radiotherapy, methods of treatment planning are becoming increasingly more complicated. This requires verification of the doses delivered to increasingly smaller and more precise regions. Radiotherapy techniques are continuously employing smaller and smaller field sizes to deliver tighter radiation doses with higher therapeutic ratios, generating interest among researchers to p...

A (p, q)-graph G is called super edge-magic if there exists a bijective function f : V (G) ∪ E(G) → {1, 2, . . . , p + q} such that f(u)+f(v)+f(uv) is a constant for each uv ∈ E(G) and f(V (G)) = {1, 2, . . . , p}. In this paper, we introduce the concept of strong super edgemagic labeling as a particular class of super edge-magic labelings ∗Supported by Slovak VEGA Grant 1/4005/07. †Supported i...

A simple graph G admits an H-covering if every edge in E(G) belongs to a subgraph of G isomorphic to H. The graph G is H−magic if there exists a bijection f : V (G) [ E(G) ! {1, 2, 3, · · · , |V (G) [ E(G)|} such that for every subgraph H0 P of G isomorphic to H. G is said to be H − supermagic if f(V (G)) = {1, 2, 3, · · · , |V (G)|}. In thi...