Natural antioxidants compounds are present in leaf, rhizome, stem, fruits, vegetables, tea etc. They are recognized as important compounds in conferring stability against oxidation in vitro. Natural antioxidant compounds can be classified into Exogenous antioxidants and Endogenous antioxidants, Enzymatic and NonEnzymatic antioxidants. Naturally occurring antioxidants compounds are carotenoids, ...

The demand for high-quality seafood products is constantly growing worldwide. Nevertheless, seafood is susceptible to rapid rancidity mainly due to lipid oxidation and microbiological spoilage. Thus, treatment with antioxidants offers a preservation technique that can prolong the shelf life of seafood. However, because of food safety and health concerns about the use of synthetic antioxidants, ...

The current techniques for X-ray-diffraction data collection from macromolecular crystals at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. The development of the experimental methods is outlined and the basic concepts pertaining to radiation damage and cryoprotection are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the practical aspects important to the success of the techniques, and a detailed account of these is...

The immature small intestine of neonatal mammals is permeable to gamma globulins as a source of passive immunity. Allegedly, macromolecular absorption ceases when the epithelial cell membrane matures. However, some evidence exists that adult animals retain a limited capacity to transport antigenic and biologically active quantities of large molecules. In this study, the mechanism of absorption ...

Macromolecular self-assembly refers to the assembly of synthetic polymers, biomacromolecules and supra-molecular polymers. Through macromolecular self-assembly, the fabrication of ordered structures at different scales, the control of the dynamic assembly process and the integrations of advanced functions can be realized. Macromolecular self-assembly and nanotechnology research in China has dev...

Although you were born and educated in the USA, you've worked in the UK for over 11 years. What are your views on the different ways science is done in the two countries? I've probably been away from the States too long to judge! One thing that does stand out, however, is the difference in postgraduate (PhD) education and training. Most students in the UK get funding for a three-year PhD after ...

Protein in crystal form is at an extremely high concentration and yet retains the complex secondary structure that defines an active protein. The protein crystal itself is made up of a repeating lattice of protein-protein and protein-solvent interactions. The problem that confronts any crystallographer is to identify those interactions that represent physiological interactions and those that do...

The major organic component in carbonaceous meteorites is an organic macromolecular material. The Murchison macromolecular material comprises aromatic units connected by aliphatic and heteroatom-containing linkages or occluded within the wider structure. The macromolecular material source environment remains elusive. Traditionally, attempts to determine source have strived to identify a single ...

Microenvironments of biological cells are dominated in vivo by macromolecular crowding and resultant excluded volume effects. This feature is absent in dilute in vitro cell culture. Here, we induced macromolecular crowding in vitro by using synthetic macromolecular globules of nm-scale radius at physiological levels of fractional volume occupancy. We quantified the impact of induced crowding on...