during recent decades, researchers have attempted to understand individual and group level behavior, at micro levels while macro level researchers studied organizational and institutional level behavior. yet few scholars have examined organizational effects on individual and group behavior and the effects of individual and group behavior on organization as a whole. such a research can lead to a...

The multiple realizability of macro-level types does not, in my opinion, prove that “the explanations provided by the macro-theory [in which such types occur] will not, EVEN IN PRINCIPLE, be reducible to a micro-account” (Reconstructing Marxism, p. 120, my emphasis). For multiply-realizable macro-level types may be reducible to highly-complex disjunctions of micro-level types. (Indeed in such c...

This paper presents a high level power estimation methodology for a Network-on-Chip (NoC) router, that is capable of providing cycle accurate power profile to enable power exploration at system level. Our power macro model is based on the number of flits passing through a router as the unit of abstraction. Experimental results show that our power macro model incurs less than 5% average absolute...

We consider the dynamics of cultural evolution in spatially-structured populations. Most spatially explicit modeling approaches can be broadly divided into two classes: microand macro-level models. Macro-level models study cultural evolution at the population level and describe the average behavior of the considered system. Conversely, micro-level models focus on the constituent units of the sy...

Network Communities within Analytical Sociology One of the core issues (if not the core issue) in analytical sociology is the investigation of the micro-macro link in social phenomena (Hedström & Swedberg, 1998, Hedström, 2005). Analytical sociology endorses a social mechanism-based type of explanation according to which causal relationships between social phenomena at the macro-level are expla...

An important issue regarding the deeper understanding of social and organisational phenomena is the interaction and the linkage between micro and macro layers. The micro-macro-link deals with the emergent aggregation of processes and actions on the micro-level and with structures, rules and roles on the macro-level. This paper presents recent results of the “socionics” project ASKO, which is a ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of microbial aerosols on immune function of ducks and shed light on the establishment of microbial aerosol concentration standards for poultry. A total of 1800 1-d-old cherry valley ducks were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D, and E) with 360 ducks in each. (...) Concentrations of airborne bacteria, fungi, endotoxin in different groups ...