Whereas in all other vertebrates the Müllerian ducts of genetic males are aborted during development, under the influence of Müllerian-inhibiting substance, in the caecilian amphibians they are retained as a pair of functional glands. It has long been speculated that the Müllerian gland might be the male accessory reproductive gland but there has been no direct evidence to this effect. The pres...

OBJECTIVES To report the findings and management of patients with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen phenotypically male patients (aged 8 months to 27 years) presented with testicular maldescent. All of them had normal male external genitalia. Two of them had had a previous diagnosis of persistent Müllerian structures. All patients were karyotyped, and ha...

ObjectiveTo demonstrate a systematic approach for the hysteroscopic management of patient with uterine septum double cervix and nonobstructive longitudinal vaginal (Class U2bC2V1 ESHRE/ESGE classification).DesignA step-by-step demonstration technique narrated video footage three different cases.SettingUniversity Hospital.Patient(s)We present patients diagnosed classification). Case 1 is 31-year...

Background: Vaginal aplasia is a rare congenital anomaly with different surgical techniques suggested for vaginal reconstruction.McIndoe vaginoplasty is an easy one of these surgical methods with a low morbidity rate, but its long-term results need to be further investigated. Therefore, the female genital anatomy and sexual function was examined afte...

variation in anti-Müllerian hormone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome differs significantly from normally ovulating women. PLoS One 2013;9:e68223. Dolleman M, Faddy MJ, van Disseldorp J, van der Schouw TY, Messow CM, Leader B, Peeters PH, McConnachie A, Nelson SM, Broekmans FJ. The relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone in women receiving fertility assessments and age at menopause...

UNLABELLED Neuroglial heterotopia is a rare congenital anomaly that mostly involves the head and neck region. We report a female fetus with multicentric paraspinal neuroglial heterotopia in the retropharyngeal and retroperitoneal spaces, right renal agenesis, left renal hypoplasia, and Müllerian agenesis. Additional findings included bilateral preaxial polydactyly of the hands, megacystis, rect...

Undescended testes can be found in the inguinal channel or in the abdomen. Rarely, undescended testes can present with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) and very rarely, with residual Müllerian duct (MD) structures. This latter presentation is called persistent MD syndrome (PMDS). PMDS is mostly discovered during surgery for inguinal hernia or cryptorchidism. TTE is a rare congenital anomaly ...

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital tract, which is characterized by the triad of uterus didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. It usually presents at puberty with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and a vaginal or pelvic mass. Although rare, it may present with purulent vaginal discharge due to secondary infection of the obstruct...

Müllerian ducts of male chickens undergo regression around day 12 of incubation, but the underlining mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to regression of the Müllerian duct in the chicken. We first employed annealing control primer-based RT-PCR to screen candidate genes differentially expressed in the Müllerian ducts between male and fema...

Rudimentary Horn Pregnancy (RHP) is a rare form of pregnancy in a uterine rudimentary horn with a reported incidence of 1:76,000 and an estimated maternal mortality rate of 0.5%. Around 40% of women with RHP are asymptomatic when present during routine ultrasound scan especially in the first trimester and many women often have a history of previous normal pregnancies and vaginal delivery. Despi...