background: myocardial dysfunction is one of the major complications in patients with sepsis where there is a relationship between the blood level of cytokines and the onset of myocardial depression. in many cases of sepsis, the presence of lipopolysaccharide (lps) has been established. lps binding protein (lbp) bound endotoxin is recognized by cd14/toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4) complexes in inna...

Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is frequently implicated in lung inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to play a key role in inflammation via adhesion molecule induction and then causes lung injury. However, the mechanisms underlying LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) remain unclear. We showed that LPS...

To investigate the effects of carvacrol supplementation in rainbow trout induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), relative gene expressions levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers in kidney and liver were measured. Fish with a mean weight of 44.71±1.33 g were studied using four different treatments with three replicates each. Inflammation and apoptosis were performed using L...

The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The importance of expression of iNOS in blood vessels is poorly defined. Because nitric oxide from iNOS may alter vasomotor function, we examined effects of LPS on vasomotor function in carotid arteries from iNOS-deficient mice. We studied contraction of the carotid arte...

PURPOSE It was previously demonstrated that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in species-specific human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) photoreceptor outer segment recognition and oxidant production. This study was performed to demonstrate the classical role of TLR4 in HRPE endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) binding leading to HRPE proinflammatory cytokine secretion. METHODS Cultured...

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that non-olfactory tissues and cells can express olfactory receptors (ORs), however, the exact function of ectopic OR expression remains unknown. We have previously shown in mouse models that a unique cooperation between interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) drives the activation of pulmonary macrophages and leads to the induction of pathogenic ...

The principal goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that cytokines modulate glucose transport in skeletal muscle by increasing nitric oxide production. Cultured L6 skeletal muscle cells were incubated in the presence of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or in combination for 24 h. Neither cytokines nor LPS alone induced NO production...

BACKGROUND This study examined the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to affect glioma and glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) in vitro and to induce antitumor immunity in vivo and the role of TLR4 in these processes. METHODS Using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of TLR4 in 34 glioblastoma clinical samples. Using real time-PCR, western blot and ELISA analyses, the effec...

PURPOSE To determine whether bovine corneal endothelial (BCE) cells and keratocytes express the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) after exposure to cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to study the regulation of NOS by growth factors. METHODS Cultures of bovine corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of LPS, interferon-gamma (IFN-...