Radiative equilibrium and radiative (:onvective temperature profiles fiw the Earth's evolving atmosphere have been cah.ulated. If the atmosphere evolved from one rich in carbon dioxide, and deficient in oxygen, to its present composilion, the temperature structure showed considerable change. The models of 3 to 4 billi(m years ago display steadily decreasing temperatures with altitude, being 185...

An experimental study is carried out to investigate engine performance parameters and methods of reducing emissions from spark ignition engine. The used engine is four stroke four cylinder naturally aspirated spark ignition engine with compression ratio of 9, bore diameter of 80 mm and stroke of 90 mm. The engine performance parameters are presented with and without exhaust gases recirculation ...

In turbocharged engines with wastegate the exhaust pressure can change rapidly. Two methods to estimate the exhaust manifold pressure are compared for diagnosis of wastegate and turbocharger of a spark-ignited engine. One relies on the first law of thermodynamics and produces changes in exhaust manifold pressure. The second uses a model of the mass of remaining exhaust gases in the cylinder and...

An estimation of the conversion efficiency (e) of fuel sulfur to SO3 and H2SO4, where e=([SO3]+[H2SO4])/[ST] and [ST] is the total sulfur atom concentration in the exhaust at the exit of an aircraft gas-turbine combustor, was derived from measurements by comparison with model results. The major results of the presented CIMS experiments and their interpretation with a model simulation are: (i) T...

Chronic, low-level exposure to waste anesthetic gases has been linked to increased incidences of neurologic and reproductive dysfunction, hepatic and renal toxicity, and neoplasia in humans. We have shown previously that one brand of activated charcoal canister (F/Air) used for passive scavenging of halogenated gases does not completely remove isoflurane during anesthetic protocols used in conv...

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are highly efficient energy converters and provide electrical energy, cathode exhaust gas with low oxygen concentration and water. They are investigated as replacement for auxiliary power units (APU) that are currently used for electrical power generation on aircraft. For generation of oxygen depleted cathode exhaust air (ODA) oxygen concentration m...

The article gives the analysis of amount and composition exhaust gases released into atmosphere by motor vehicles are analyzed, restrictions used to improve quality fuels reduce harmful effects gases. environmental conditions indicators automobile gasoline specified in regulatory requirements analyzed. on human health considered. Modern for content highlighted. effect fuel optimal parameters ai...

A new method for improving the efficiency of oxyfuel gasification in biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) cycles using dioxide recycled from exhaust gases is described modelled. Thermodynamic simulations ASPEN Plus show this process can increase indicated a representative cycle by up to 10.3 % part reducing oxygen requirements reaction. Details syngas production, cold gas (CGE...

Nanocrystalline SnOx particles (x 0–2) were synthesized using tetramethyltin (Sn(CH3)4) vapor as the particle precursor reactant in hydrogen/oxygen/argon (H2/O2/Ar) flames. The particle composition and morphology were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen (N2) surface adsorption. By controlling the concentration of oxygen in the reactant gases ...