BACKGROUND Female athletes have increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture after the onset of puberty. HYPOTHESES Male athletes would demonstrate a longitudinal increase in vertical jump height compared with female athletes. There would be longitudinal gender differences in ground-reaction forces and loading rates. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Sixteen...

Background and Aim: Oral bacteria can proliferate in the implant-abutment interface (IAI) and cause inflammation in the peri-implant tissues and adjacent bone. This study aimed to assess the effect of zirconia and titanium abutments on the microleakage of the IAI under oblique cyclic loading conditions. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 12 implant-abutment assemblies with zirconia...

Fatigue life of asphalt mixes in laboratory tests is commonly determined by applying a sinusoidal or haversine waveform with specific frequency. The pavement structure and loading conditions affect the shape and the frequency of tensile response pulses at the bottom of asphalt layer. This paper introduces two methods for predicting the loading frequency in laboratory asphalt fatigue tests for b...

Bone is generally loaded under multiaxial conditions in vivo; as it invariably contains microcracks, this leads to complex mixed-mode stress-states involving combinations of tension, compression and shear. In previous work on the mixed-mode loading of human cortical bone (using an asymmetric bend test geometry), we found that the bone toughness was lower when loaded in far-field shear than in t...

Unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites are often observed to fail in a longitudinal splitting mode in the fiber direction under far-field compressive loading with weak lateral confinement. An energy-based model is developed based on the principle of minimum potential energy and the evaluation of effective properties to obtain an analytical approximation to the critical stress for longitudin...

This work compares the estimates of shear strengths of aluminium nitride and titanium diboride obtained (a) from the simultaneous measurements of longitudinal and lateral stress by means of manganin gauges under plane shock wave loading with (b) those calculated from the offset between hydrodynamic and shock Hugoniot of these materials. The results of this work show that whereas the estimates o...

For statically indeterminate rod structures with excess constraints in the horizontal direction, tension forces arise under transverse loading, significantly affecting stress-strain state of rods compared to similar caused by bending alone (in absence longitudinal constraints). This fact requires computational analysis, and this work, analytical dependencies deflection magnitude due loading wer...

How animals cope with increases in body size is a key issue in biology. Here, we consider scaling of xenarthrans, particularly how femoral form and function varies to accommodate the size range between the 3 kg armadillo and its giant relative the 300 kg glyptodont. It has already been noted that femoral morphology differs between these animals and suggested that this reflects a novel adaptatio...