PURPOSE To review the outcome of retrograde locked nailing for aseptic supracondylar femoral nonunions following failed locked plating. METHODS Records of 20 men and 4 women aged 20 to 57 (mean, 39) years who underwent retrograde locked intramedullary nailing for aseptic supracondylar femoral nonunion following failed locked plating were reviewed. There were 20 closed and 4 open Gustilo type ...

Expressions for the average intensity of both phase-locked and non-phase-locked Airy array beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence are derived based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. The evolution of the average intensity distribution of both phase-locked and non-phase-locked Airy array beams during propagation in atmospheric turbulence is examined by numerical examples and is...

Transport is among the sectors highly dependent on fossil fuels, relying almost exclusively petroleum products. Biofuels have been suggested as a technology contributing to sector's decarbonisation, especially in sub-sectors where upscaling electrification innovation challenging. Brazil and Argentina long top biofuel producers. This research employs an integrated systems framework study histori...

In this paper, a high speed delay-locked loop (DLL) architecture ispresented which can be employed in high frequency applications. In order to design the new architecture, a new mixed structure is presented for phase detector (PD) and charge pump (CP) which canbe triggered by double edges of the input signals. In addition, the blind zone is removed due to the elimination of reset signal. Theref...

In this paper, Landscape Allocation using Genetic Algorithm (LAGA), a spatial multi-objective land use optimization software is introduced. The software helps in searching for optimal land use when multiple objectives such as suitability, area, cohesion and edge density indices are simultaneously involved. LAGA is a flexible and easy to use genetic algorithm-based software for optimizing the sp...

The editorial deadline for this issue of our journal had already been extended to Tuesday, April 28, 2015, to accommodate some last-minute changes prior to closing out content input. However, as we are all aware, on April 25, 2015, a devastating earthquake hit the Republic of Nepal, not far from the capital of Kathmandu. As background, Nepal is a land-locked country with a population of some 27...

OBJECTIVE The error-related negativity (ERN) is a response-locked brain potential (ERP) occurring 80-100ms following response errors. This report contrasts three views of the genesis of the ERN, testing the classic view that time-locked phasic bursts give rise to the ERN against the view that the ERN arises from a pure phase-resetting of ongoing theta (4-7Hz) EEG activity and the view that the ...

We report on the experimental observation of gain-guided vector solitons (GGVSs) in a dispersion-managed fiber laser mode-locked with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Both the frequency-locked and phase-locked GGVS were observed. In addition, formation of multiple GGVSs and GGVS harmonic mode-locking were also experimentally revealed. Numerical simulations confirmed the GGVS f...

Type 1 fimbrial phase-locked mutants of uropathogenic Escherichia coli cystitis isolate F11 were used to assess the role of the invertible element during urinary tract infection. Compared to the wild type, the phase-locked off mutant was attenuated, and constitutive production of type 1 fimbriae by the phase-locked on mutant did not provide a competitive advantage.

We investigate when thick 3D polygonal chains are locked, i.e., have a disconnected configuration space. In particular, we show that thick 4-chains are never locked, and we exhibit a class of locked thick 5-chains whose ratio of maximum edge length to minimum edge length is strictly less than 3 (the best known ratio for nonthick chains).