In this report, we present a series of empirical techniques to examine linkage between livestock and livelihood, using data from Senegal, a West African economy with high levels of smallholder poverty and livestock dependence. Our results for this country show that livestock dependent populations are more likely to be poor and the severity of their poverty is greater, yet the same reliance on l...

In this study we estimate yield gaps for mixed crop-livestock smallholder farmers in seven Sub-Saharan African sites covering six countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Senegal and Burkina Faso). We also assess their potential to increase food production and reduce the GHG emission intensity of their products, as a result of closing these yield gaps. We use stochastic frontier analysis t...

the arid zone encompasses land that has an imbalance between precipitation and losses through evaporation. globally, arid zones comprise large part of many countries in the mid-latitudes in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. both australia and iran are countries with a large arid zone. this negative water balance in the arid zone affects the type of land use in these countries. at ...

In a recent survey by the United States Department of Agriculture (1961) it was estimated that the animal-protein shortage in the deficit countries, in terms of non-fat milk solids, was the equivalent of 1.8 million metric tons or roughly one-third of the U.S. annual milk production. The most critical shortages were noted to be in the Far East, followed by communist Asia, Africa and Latin Ameri...

Bangladesh is a densely populated agricultural country with an acute shortage of dairy milk. There are about 24.5 million cattle in Bangladesh, of which about 10 million are breeding cows. They provide mainly milk, meat, draught power, transport, and hide (an important export item). Dairying is practiced in Bangladesh as a part of local crop livestock farming systems, typically involving one or...

mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of molds and have adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops. those can cause illnesses and economic losses. aflatoxin m1 (afm1) is one of the mycotoxins produced from the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin b1 (afb1). it can be found in milk or milk products obtained from livestock that have ingested contaminated feed. in this paper, recent studies were...

Vaccines remain the main tool for the control of livestock viral diseases that pose a serious threat to animal and occasionally human health, reduce food security, distort trade in animals and their products, and undermine agricultural development in poor countries. Globalization and climate change increase the likelihood for new patterns of emergence and spread of livestock viruses. Convention...

Agrochemicals, veterinary drugs, antibiotics and improved feeds can increase the food supply while minimising production costs in various livestock production systems around the world. However, these days, quality-conscious consumers are increasingly seeking environmentally safe, chemical-residue-free healthy foods, along with product traceability and a high standard of animal welfare, which or...

The use of cassava in livestock feeding has been limited. Reasons include the presence of toxic cyanogenic glucosides, deficiency in nutrients other than energy, dustiness of the dried products, mouldiness during processing and the high fibre and ash content of the peel, which limits the selection of other ingredients which are high in these components. Nevertheless, the development of cassava ...

Genetically modified (GM) crops with higher yields and better quality are currently being used in the feeds of livestock and fishes. Despite the advantages, there are concerns about GM-feeds including their effect on animal health, performance and safety of the consumers of animal products like milk, meat, egg and fish. Studies are conducted to assess the feeding efficiency of GM-crops in lives...