Ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of liver disease. Discrete or diffuse lesions can be imaged, aspirated, and biopsied under visual guidance. The ultrasonographic examination of the liver is performed on the right side of the standing animal using a real-time 3.5 to 5.0 MHz linear or convex transducer. This imaging modality also can be used to aspirate bile from the gallbladd...

In Switzerland, dicrocoeliasis is regarded as the most significant parasitic infection of llamas and alpacas. Fasciola hepatica infestation is also a problem but less common. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the lungs of New World camelids (NWCs) for evidence of arterial hypertension in association with liver changes due to liver fluke infestation. The lungs of 20 llam...

The flukes are the primary locomotor structure in cetaceans, which produce hydrodynamic thrust as the caudal vertebrae are oscillated dorso-ventrally. Effective thrust generation is a function of the kinematics of the flukes, the angle of attack between the flukes and the incident water flow, and the shape of the flukes. We investigated the effect of bending within the caudal region of odontoce...

The Parasite Fasciola hepatica, the common liver fluke, is the most likely cause of liver fluke disease in domestic ruminants in the United States. The fluke life cycle requires a snail intermediate host to complete transmission to a new ruminant host. The parasite is most often found in Florida, along the Gulf Coast, in the Pacific Northwest, in portions of the Rocky Mountains, and Hawaii. Oth...

Bovine fasciolosis is a parasitic disease of cattle caused by trematodes usually Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica in the tropics. The members of this genus are commonly known as liver flukes. The life cycle of these trematodes involves snail as an intermediate host (IH). The disease is found in vast water lodged and marshy grazing field condition anticipated to be ideal for the propagat...

The surface tegument of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica is a syncytial cytoplasmic layer bounded externally by a plasma membrane and covered by a glycocalyx, which constitutes the interface between the parasite and its ruminant host. The tegument's interaction with the immune system during the fluke's protracted migration from the gut lumen through the peritoneal cavity and liver parenchyma t...

Rumen fluke (RF) are trematode parasites that have increased in prevalence within European ruminant livestock since the 1990s. Morbidity and mortality can result from development of juvenile flukes duodenum, however, evidence for significant impacts adult rumen final host is equivocal. The presence Scotland had not previously been quantified, so purpose this study was to use historical coprolog...

Introduction Gastrointestinal nematodes, external parasites, and Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) can all adversely affect productivity of cattle.(1-5) Previously, little to no work has been done to quantify the effect of treating yearling replacement beef heifers for both gastrointestinal nematodes and bovine liver fluke on weight gain, body condition scores, pregnancy rates, and subsequent wea...