CONTEXT To maximize birth rates, physicians who perform in vitro fertilization (IVF) often transfer multiple embryos, but this increases the multiple-birth risk. Live-birth and multiple-birth rates may vary by patient age and embryo quality. One marker for embryo quality is cryopreservation of extra embryos (if embryos are set aside for cryopreservation, higher quality embryos may have been ava...

Sperm DNA damage has a negative impact on pregnancy rates following assisted reproduction treatment (ART). The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation and live-birth rates after IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The alkaline Comet assay was employed to measure sperm DNA fragmentation in native semen and in spermatozoa following den...

Traditionally, IVF success rates have been reported in terms of live birth per fresh cycle or embryo transfer. With the increasing use of embryo freezing and thawing it is essential that we report not only outcomes following fresh but also those after frozen embryo transfer as a complete measure of success of an IVF treatment. Most people agree that an individual's chance of having a baby follo...

BACKGROUND There are still some patients who show poor response to ovarian stimulation prior to evidence of normal ovarian reserve in vitro fertilization. However, there are few studies about how to treat the unexpectedly ovarian poor responder in vitro fertilization. The main aim of this study evaluate the effect of prolonging administration follicle-stimulating hormone in woman with the unexp...

Background and Objective: In- vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the approved treatment options for infertility. Despite many progresses in this field, its success rate is about 20 -25%. Utilization of drugs which suppress or decrease uterine smooth muscle contraction before embryo transfer, theoretically can improve fertility by increasing implantation rate. This study was designed to evaluat...

BACKGROUND Although elective single embryo transfer (eSET) minimizes the multiple birth rate after in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), there remain concerns in many countries that it is less effective and more expensive than conventional double embryo transfer (DET). METHODS We compared the clinical outcome achieved in the years 1995-1999, in which eSET was ...

BACKGROUND Growth hormone (GH) is used as an adjuvant therapy in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) for poor ovarian responders, but findings for its effects on outcomes of IVF have been conflicting. The aim of the study was to compare IVF-ET outcomes among women with poor ovarian responders, and find which subgroup can benefit from the GH addition. METHODS We searched the da...

birth and death indicators were examined through retrospective surveys conducted in 1985 and 1987 in the islamic republic of lran, reviewing 1984 and 1986 events, to obtain infant mortality rate (imr) and other necessary indicators for health planning and evaluation. comparison between 1985 and 1987 surveys revealed: 1. no major change in crude death rate ( 6.3 per 1000 in 1987 survey) had occu...