DeKalb XL chicks were given a beak trim at 6 d of age (6DP) with a 2.8-mm gauge and a beak trim at 11 wk (11WB) with a block cut approximately 2 mm anterior to the nasal openings. Corticosterone (CS) levels of the 6DP treatment were (P < or = 0.01) elevated above nontrimmed CS levels at 2 h posttrim; and BW and feed consumption (FC) of the 6DP were depressed until 8 wk of age. At 11 wk of age, ...

This paper examines why fundamental freedoms are so unevenly distributed across the earth. Climato-economic theorizing proposes that humans adapt needs, stresses, and choices of goals, means, and outcomes to the livability of their habitat. The evolutionary process at work is one of collectively meeting climatic demands of cold winters or hot summers by using monetary resources. Freedom is expe...

Livability is a concept that assesses the quality of life and relative performance different regions communities, based on various qualitative quantitative factors. The assessment urban livability complex multidimensional task, which utmost importance for informed transparent policy decision making. present study aimed to develop road map cities’ ranking bases their livability. We have used cas...

We have been working on home automation to support eldercare. This is an instance of long term humanautomation interaction in very intimate and personal settings with a potentially difficult user population. We report our design philosophy and some of the lessons learned relative to that philosophy from a six month field test with representatives of this user community. As a separate research t...

Enteric bacterial infections in poultry pose a threat to intestinal health and can contribute to poor feed efficiency and livability of a flock. A variety of enteric bacterial diseases are recognized in poultry. Three of these bacterial diseases, necrotic enteritis, ulcerative enteritis, and spirochetosis, primarily infect the intestine, whereas other bacterial diseases, such as salmonellosis, ...