This paper presents a comprehensive model coupling the effects of hydrostatic stress, surface/interface stress, phase transformation and the structure of electrodes. First, the governing equation of moving phase interface with hydrostatic stress is established. Under the effect of hydrostatic stress, phase transformation process is much faster, which means phase transformation time is overestim...

Construction of desired nanoarchitectures with both high power and high rate ability is regarded as a significant step torward industrial applications of rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with improved performance. It is well-known that the hard-template route towards nanoarchitectures requires further simplifying the synthetic procedure and lowering the cost of the template itself. Whe...

A dense and thick flake-like cathode structure was demonstrated to have a preferential crystallographic orientation for Li(+) migration and a better tolerance to cracking, both of which enable a reversible and stable capacity at moderate rates from 0.1 to 2 C.

Schematic of CG preparation via direct liquid-phase exfoliation and applications as lithium ion battery anode and chemical reaction trigger. a r t i c l e i n f o

We use density functional theory to investigate the impact that strong electric fields have on the structure and energetics of small lithium ion-water clusters, Li(+)·nH2O, with n = 4 or 6. We find that electric field strengths of ∼0.5 V/Å are sufficient to break the symmetry of the n = 4 tetrahedral energy minimum structure, which undergoes a transformation to an asymmetric cluster consisting ...

Graphite is a typical electrocatalyst support in alkaline energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cells, supercapacitores and lithium ion batteries. The electrochemical behaviour of a graphite electrode in 0.5 M NaOH was studied to elucidate its surface structure/electrochemical activity relationship. Graphite voltammograms are characterized by an anodic shoulder AI and a cathodic pe...

LiMnPO4 with a morphology controlled by carbonate anions was prepared via a simple template-free hydrothermal reaction; the LiMnPO4 shows a promising electrochemical activity as cathode material for lithium ion batteries.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of emetic compounds (lithium chloride and cupric sulfate) in honey baits as a technique for preventing black bear damage in fenced beeyards. LiCl and CuSO4 in honey baits did not reduce black bear damage at beeyards. Our experience indicates that LiCl is not a suitable emetic for producing taste aversions in free-ranging black bears.

Cracking and fracture of electrodes under diffusion during lithiation and delithiation is one of the main factors responsible for short life span of lithium based batteries employing high capacity electrodes. Coupling effects among lithium diffusion, stress evolution and crack propagation have a significant effect on dynamic processes of electrodes during cycling. In this paper, a phase field m...

We have investigated the functional derivative of the nonadditive kinetic-energy bifunctional, which appears in the embedding potential that is used in the frozen-density embedding formalism, in the limit that the separation of the subsystems is large. We have derived an exact expression for this kinetic-energy component of the embedding potential and have applied this expression to deduce its ...